Range Design Considerations Based on Behavior of Antimony and Lead under Dynamic Loading Conditions
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 7
Abstract
Migration potential of metal(loids) associated with small-arms ammunition fired into range berms under dynamic loading conditions was assessed using pilot-scale and field-scale live-fire lysimeters. Experimental impact media at both scales was sand or sand plus a commercial heavy metal sorption amendment. After firing, artificial rainwater was applied weekly to the pilot-scale system; the field-scale system received natural rainfall. Leachate collected from both systems was analyzed for total suspended solids, hydrogen ion concentration, antimony, and lead. In pilot-scale lysimeters, antimony constituted 0.52% of the total bullet mass, but comprised 91.5 and 17% of the dissolved leachate metal from control and amended lysimeters, respectively. Lead constituted 52% of the total bullet mass but made up only 8.5 and 5% of the total dissolved leachate metal from the control and amended lysimeters, respectively. Use of the live-fire lysimeters under dynamic loading conditions provided support for range design recommendations. Impact areas should be constructed using pure sand (low fines) along with antimony and lead sorbing amendment(s) in order to provide maximum protection from heavy metal transport off range.
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Acknowledgments
This work was funded by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center–Environmental Laboratory (ERDC-EL), and the U.S. Army Environmental Command (U.S. AEC) and supported by the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center. Analytical and technical support was provided by Dr. Chris Griggs, Mr. Joe Tom, and Ms. Michelle Wynter of the ERDC; Mr. Kerry Taylor of Jackson State University; and Mr. David Mackie of AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. Citation of trade names used in this manuscript does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. This manuscript was approved for public release by the chief of engineers.
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 7 • July 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 4, 2016
Accepted: Nov 11, 2016
Published ahead of print: Mar 8, 2017
Published online: Mar 9, 2017
Published in print: Jul 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Aug 9, 2017
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