Enhanced Coagulation of Titanium Tetrachloride Aided by the Modified Compound Bioflocculant
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 9
Abstract
The compound bioflocculant (CBF) was modified by graft copolymerization of acrylic amide and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and the novel copolymer was denoted as MCBF. The effect of MCBF used as coagulant aid with titanium tetrachloride () was investigated for both high and low molecule weight natural organic matter (NOM) removal. Floc characteristics were studied using a laser diffraction particle-sizing device. Results indicated that the monomers were successfully grafted onto the CBF, and the molecule weight and zeta potential of CBF were greatly improved. The MCBF with exhibited synergistic effect by promoting NOM removal, especially at low doses. Additionally, using MCBF as a coagulant aid with can significantly increase the floc growth rate, size, strength, and broken-floc recoverability. The effect of MCBF on fractal dimension of flocs generated by depended on NOM properties. Both coagulation performance and floc properties were significantly affected by dosing sequence.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (No. 51278283), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M560557), and Australia Research Council Discovery Projects (ARC DP130103129).
References
Chang, E.-E., Chiang, P.-C., Tang, W.-Y., Chao, S.-H., and Hsing, H.-J. (2005). “Effects of polyelectrolytes on reduction of model compounds via coagulation.” Chemosphere, 58(8), 1141–1150.
Gregory, J., and Duan, J. (2001). “Hydrolyzing metal salts as coagulants.” Pure Appl. Chem., 73(12), 2017–2026.
Guan, J., Waite, T. D., and Amal, R. (1998). “Rapid structure characterization of bacterial aggregates.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(23), 3735–3742.
He, N., Li, Y., Chen, J., and Lun, S.-Y. (2002). “Identification of a novel bioflocculant from a newly isolated Corynebacterium glutamicum.” Biochem. Eng. J., 11(2), 137–148.
Hu, C., Liu, H., Qu, J., Wang, D., and Ru, J. (2006). “Coagulation behavior of aluminum salts in eutrophic water: Significance of Al13 species and pH control.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(1), 325–331.
Jarvis, P., Jefferson, B., and Parsons, S. A. (2005). “Breakage, regrowth, and fractal nature of natural organic matter flocs.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 39(7), 2307–2314.
Kabsch-Korbutowicz, M. (2005). “Application of ultrafiltration integrated with coagulation for improved NOM removal.” Desalination, 174(1), 13–22.
Liu, Z., Miao, Y., Wang, Z., and Yin, G. (2009). “Synthesis and characterization of a novel super-absorbent based on chemically modified pulverized wheat straw and acrylic acid.” Carbohydr. Polym., 77(1), 131–135.
Ma, F., Zhang, J., Yuan, L., Wang, W., Wang, Q., and Wang, A. (2005). “Flocculating mechanism and ingredient analysis of compound bioflocculant.” Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 25(11), 1491–1496.
McCurdy, K., Carlson, K., and Gregory, D. (2004). “Floc morphology and cyclic shearing recovery: comparison of alum and polyaluminum chloride coagulants.” Water Res., 38(2), 486–494.
Pefferkorn, E. (2006). “Clay and oxide destabilization induced by mixed alum/macromolecular flocculation aids.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 120(1), 33–45.
Rieker, T. P., Hindermann-Bischoff, M., and Ehrburger-Dolle, F. (2000). “Small-angle X-ray scattering study of the morphology of carbon black mass fractal aggregates in polymeric composites.” Langmuir, 16(13), 5588–5592.
Salehizadeh, H., and Shojaosadati, S. (2001). “Extracellular biopolymeric flocculants: Recent trends and biotechnological importance.” Biotechnol. Adv., 19(5), 371–385.
Selomulya, C., Amal, R., Bushell, G., and Waite, T. D. (2001). “Evidence of shear rate dependence on restructuring and breakup of latex aggregates.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 236(1), 67–77.
Shon, H., et al. (2007). “Preparation of titanium dioxide () from sludge produced by titanium tetrachloride () flocculation of wastewater.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(4), 1372–1377.
Shon, H., et al. (2009). “Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide () from sludge produced by flocculation with , and coagulant aids in wastewater.” Sep. Sci. Technol., 44(7), 1525–1543.
Tripathy, T., Pandey, S., Karmakar, N., Bhagat, R., and Singh, R. (1999). “Novel flocculating agent based on sodium alginate and acrylamide.” Eur. Polym. J., 35(11), 2057–2072.
Wang, D., Tang, H., and Gregory, J. (2002). “Relative importance of charge neutralization and precipitation on coagulation of kaolin with PACl: Effect of sulfate ion.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(8), 1815–1820.
Wang, W., Ma, F., Yue, X., and Wang, A. (2008). “Purification and characterization of compound bioflocculant.” Proc., Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2008. ICBBE 2008. The 2nd Int. Conf. on IEEE, IEEE, 1127–1130.
Xiao, F., Yi, P., Pan, X.-R., Zhang, B.-J., and Lee, C. (2010). “Comparative study of the effects of experimental variables on growth rates of aluminum and iron hydroxide flocs during coagulation and their structural characteristics.” Desalination, 250(3), 902–907.
Xu, J., Gong, P., and Qin, X. (2009). “Research on hydrolysis of characteristic.” Petrochem. Ind. Appl., 28(6), 13–15 (in Chinese).
Yang, Z. L., Gao, B. Y., Yue, Q. Y., and Wang, Y. (2010). “Effect of pH on the coagulation performance of Al-based coagulants and residual aluminum speciation during the treatment of humic acid–kaolin synthetic water.” J. Hazard. Mater., 178(1), 596–603.
Yu, W., Li, G., Xu, Y., and Yang, X. (2009). “Breakage and re-growth of flocs formed by alum and PACl.” Powder Technol., 189(3), 439–443.
Yukselen, M. A., and Gregory, J. (2002). “Breakage and re-formation of alum flocs.” Environ. Eng. Sci., 19(4), 229–236.
Yukselen, M. A., and Gregory, J. (2004). “The reversibility of floc breakage.” Int. J. Miner. Process., 73(2), 251–259.
Zhang, S. T., Fei, Q. Z., and Li, M. G. (2010). “Preparation of starch modified AM and DMDAAC cationic flocculant.” J. Dalian Jiaotong Univ., 31(6), 72–74.
Zhao, Y., et al. (2011a). “Comparison of coagulation behavior and floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride () and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment.” Chem. Eng. J., 166(2), 544–550.
Zhao, Y., et al. (2011b). “The impacts of coagulant aid-polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride on coagulation performances and floc characteristics in humic acid–kaolin synthetic water treatment with titanium tetrachloride.” Chem. Eng. J., 173(2), 376–384.
Zhao, Y., et al. (2012). “Anionic polymer compound bioflocculant as a coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate and titanium tetrachloride.” Bioresour. Technol., 108, 45–54.
Zhao, Y., Gao, B., Shon, H., Cao, B., and Kim, J. H. (2011c). “Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts.” J. Hazard. Mater., 185(2), 1536–1542.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 13, 2014
Accepted: Dec 9, 2014
Published online: Feb 24, 2015
Discussion open until: Jul 24, 2015
Published in print: Sep 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.