Bromate Formation by Ozone-VUV in Comparison with Ozone and Ozone-UV: Effects of pH, Ozone Dose, and VUV Power
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 3
Abstract
The formation of bromate by ozone–vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) () process in comparison with ozone and ozone-ultraviolet (UV) (254 nm) processes of coagulated and softened water was studied. The effects of pH (7, 9, and 11), ozone dosage (1, 2, and 4 mg C), and VUV power (30, 60, and 120 W) were investigated. Bromate concentrations formed by the ozone-VUV process were up to four and six times less than those by the ozone and ozone-UV processes, respectively. Among the variables studied, ozone dosage had the most effect on bromate formation by the ozone-VUV process. Approximately 64 and 213% increases of bromate concentration were observed when the ozone dosage was increased from 1 to 2 and 4 mg C with VUV power of 120 W at pH 7. The bromate formation also increased as VUV power and pH increased. Hydroxyl radical exposure had a positive relationship with ozone dosage and bromate formation. Results further indicated that it might be difficult to achieve the drinking water standard for bromate and high organic matter removal concurrently.
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Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank the Moorhead Water Treatment Plant at Moorhead, Minnesota, for providing the facility to conduct this research. The writers also would like to acknowledge Gena Dahl from the Moorhead Water Treatment Plant, and Patti Hosler Duray and Matthew Amundson from the Fargo Water Treatment Plant, Fargo, North Dakota, for their help on bromate and bromide analyses. Special thanks to Zachary Maruska, Civil Engineering Dept., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, North Dakota, for his assistance with analysis.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 137 • Issue 3 • March 2011
Pages: 187 - 195
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 10, 2009
Accepted: Aug 5, 2010
Published online: Aug 7, 2010
Published in print: Mar 1, 2011
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