Thermal Behavior in Cross-Passage Construction during Artificial Ground Freezing: Case of Harbin Metro Line
Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 3
Abstract
The successful construction of cross passages in water-rich sand strata requires the ground reinforcement of soil in passage zones. To address these conditions, artificial ground freezing was introduced, which is an innovative presupport technique that has been extensively applied in tunnel engineering. However, insufficient temperature monitoring data and complex numerical models have hindered accurate predictions of complete freezing curtains in engineering applications. In light of this, this paper proposes a heat–moisture coupling model to predict the dynamic formation of the freezing curtain. This was achieved by combining the heat transfer, Richards’s equation, and the Darcy equation for porous media. As a result, the hydraulic parameters could be obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance. The proposed numerical model was further validated through laboratory testing by applying various seepage flow conditions. Finally, a three-dimensional numerical model was established for the construction of cross passage during artificial freezing. To confirm the feasibility of the model, data from 53 points were continuously collected from the case study for more than 50 days. The proposed model delivers temperature results that are consistent with the field data.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Chang, D. K., and H. S. Lacy. 2008. “Artificial ground freezing in geotechnical engineering.” In Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, 11–16. Rolla, MO: Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology.
Chen, Z.-L., J.-Y. Chen, H. Liu, and Z.-F. Zhang. 2018. “Present status and development trends of underground space in Chinese cities: Evaluation and analysis.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 71: 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.027.
COMSOL. 2018. Multiphysics user’s guide (version 5.4). Stockholm, Sweden: COMSOL AB.
Fan, W., and P. Yang. 2019. “Ground temperature characteristics during artificial freezing around a subway cross passage.” Transp. Geotech. 20: 100250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.100250.
Han, L., G.-L. Ye, Y.-H. Li, X.-H. Xia, and J.-H. Wang. 2016. “In situ monitoring of frost heave pressure during cross passage construction using ground-freezing method.” Can. Geotech. J. 53 (3): 530–539. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0486.
Harris, J. S. 1995. Ground freezing in practice, 5–8. London: Thomas Telford House.
Hu, J., Y. Liu, Y. P. Li, and K. Yao. 2018. “Artificial ground freezing in tunnelling through aquifer soil layers: A case study in Nanjing Metro Line 2.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 22 (10): 4136–4142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0049-z.
Huang, S. B., Y. L. Guo, Y. Z. Liu, L. H. Ke, G. F. Liu, and C. Chen. 2018. “Study on the influence of water flow on temperature around freeze pipes and its distribution optimization during artificial ground freezing.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 135: 435–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.02.090.
Kruse, A. M., and M. M. Darrow. 2017. “Adsorbed cation effects on unfrozen water in fine-grained frozen soil measured using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 142: 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.07.006.
Lamarche, L. 2019. “Horizontal ground heat exchangers modelling.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 155: 534–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.006.
Li, Z. M., J. Chen, M. Sugimoto, and H. Y. Ge. 2019. “Numerical simulation model of artificial ground freezing for tunneling under seepage flow conditions.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 92: 103035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103035.
Li, Z. M., J. Chen, K. Sun, and B. Zhang. 2017. “Numerical simulation and experimental validation of moisture-heat coupling for saturated frozen soils.” Sci. Cold Arid Reg. 9 (3): 250–257.
Ma, Q. Y. 2007. Theory and construction technology of artificial freezing method. Beijing: China Communications.
Mualem, Y. 1976. “A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media.” Water Resour. Res. 12 (3): 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR012i003p00513.
Pimentel, E., S. Papakonstantinou, and G. Anagnostou. 2012a. “Numerical interpretation of temperature distributions from three ground freezing applications in urban tunneling.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 28: 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2011.09.005.
Pimentel, E., A. Sres, and G. Anagnostou. 2012b. “Large-scale laboratory test on artificial ground freezing under seepage-flow conditions.” Géotechnique 62 (3): 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.9.P.120.
Qian, Q. 2016. “Present state, problems and development trends of urban underground space in China.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 55: 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.007.
Qiao, W.-G., D.-Y. Li, and X.-Z. Wu. 2003. “Survey analysis of freezing method applied to connected aisle in metro tunnel.” [In Chinese.] Rock Soil Mech. 24 (4): 666–669.
Rouabhi, A., E. Jahangir, and H. Tounsi. 2018. “Modeling heat and mass transfer during ground freezing taking into account the salinity of the saturating fluid.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 120: 523–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.065.
Russo, G., A. Corbo, F. Cavuoto, and S. Autuori. 2015. “Artificial ground freezing to excavate a tunnel in sandy soil. Measurements and back analysis.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 50: 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.07.008.
Sudisman, R. A., M. Osada, and T. Yamabe. 2017. “Heat transfer visualization of the application of a cooling pipe in sand with flowing pore water.” J. Cold Reg. Eng. 31 (1): 04016007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CR.1943-5495.0000115.
Sudisman, R. A., M. Osada, and T. Yamabe. 2019. “Experimental investigation on effects of water flow to freezing sand around vertically buried freezing pipe.” J. Cold Reg. Eng. 33 (3): 04019004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CR.1943-5495.0000187.
Taylor, G. S., and J. N. Luthin. 1978. “A model for coupled heat and moisture transfer during soil freezing.” Can. Geotech. J. 15 (4): 548–555. https://doi.org/10.1139/t78-058.
Van Genuchten, M. T. 1980. “A closed-form equation for predicting hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44 (5): 892–898. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x.
Wang, Y. T., Q. Gao, X. L. Zhu, M. Yu, and X. W. Zhao. 2013. “Experimental study on interaction between soil and ground heat exchange pipe at low temperature.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 60 (1–2): 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.06.053.
Watanabe, K., and T. Wake. 2009. “Measurement of unfrozen water content and relative permittivity of frozen unsaturated soil using NMR and TDR.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 59 (1): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.05.011.
Yan, Q. X., Y. J. Xu, W. B. Yang, and P. Geng. 2018. “Nonlinear transient analysis of temperature fields in an AGF project used for a cross-passage tunnel in the Suzhou metro.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 22 (4): 1473–1483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1118-4.
Yang, P., J.-M. Ke, J. G. Wang, Y. K. Chow, and F.-B. Zhu. 2006. “Numerical simulation of frost heave with coupled water freezing, temperature and stress fields in tunnel excavation.” Comput. Geotech. 33 (6–7): 330–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2006.07.006.
Yang, W. B., L. Kong, and Y. P. Chen. 2015. “Numerical evaluation on the effects of soil freezing on underground temperature variations of soil around ground heat exchangers.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 75: 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.09.049.
Yang, Z.-S., F.-L. Peng, Y.-K. Qiao, and Y.-Y. Hu. 2019. “A new cryogenic sealing process for the launch and reception of a tunnel shield.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 85: 406–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.01.007.
Zhang, M., L. M. Wang, B. W. Wang, and H. B. Lin. 2011. “Horizontal freezing study for cross passage of river-crossing tunnel.” Sci. Cold Arid Reg. 3 (4): 314–318.
Zhao, D.-J., Y.-M. Liu, Y.-H. Sun, Y. Zhao, and F.-B. Bai. 2015. “Experiments and simulations of underground artificial freezing with the use of natural cold resources in cold regions.” Build. Environ. 87: 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.01.032.
Zhou, J., and Y. Q. Tang. 2015a. “Artificial ground freezing of fully saturated mucky clay: Thawing problem by centrifuge modeling.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 117: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.04.005.
Zhou, J., and Y. Q. Tang. 2015b. “Centrifuge experimental study of thaw settlement characteristics of mucky clay after artificial ground freezing.” Eng. Geol. 190: 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.03.002.
Zhou, J. Z., and D. Q. Li. 2012. “Numerical analysis of coupled water, heat and stress in saturated freezing soil.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 72: 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.11.006.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 6, 2019
Accepted: Mar 4, 2020
Published online: May 22, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Oct 22, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.