Abstract
Wave energy is an attractive source of renewable energy. In regions with a cold climate, for example, in the Baltic Sea, a good understanding of ice loads is vital for developing a reliable and cost-effective buoy for a wave energy converter (WEC). The first full-scale attempt was made to measure the vertical reaction force on a floating buoy connected to the WEC under the ice level interaction process. The force equation for a buoy connected to the WEC during the ice level interaction process is presented. It provides essential information on forces from the floating level of ice, which is very important for the design and construction of a buoy in regions with a cold climate.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by Uppsala University, Sweden, and Central Baltic INTERREG IV A Programme, WESA project, CFE-III, Swedish Energy Agency, StandUp for Energy. The European Union funds 75% of the research through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Central Baltic INTERREG IV A Programme. Uppsala University (Sweden), the Åland Government (Åland), and the University of Turku (Finland) fund 25%. The authors would like to thank Maria Melin and Maria Nordengren at Uppsala University for their administrative support of the project, and the steering group of project WESA, which includes Professor Mikael Jonsson and Professor Ladislav Bardos from Uppsala University. Special thanks to Kasimir Antbrams at Ålands Teknikkluster for help and support.
References
Coutermarsh, B. A., W. R. McGilvary, and D. S. Sodhi. 1992. “Floating ice beam impact against a sloped structure.” In Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 92), 173–181. Little Falls, NJ: ASME.
Dalane, O., V. Aksnes, S. Losset, and J. Aarsnes. 2009. “A moored arctic floater in first-year sea ice ridges.” In Proc., 28th Int. Conf. on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2009). Little Falls, NJ: ASME.
Elwood, D., C. Solomon, J. Prudell, C. Stillinger, A. Jouanne, T. Brekken, A. Brown, and R. Paaschs. 2010. “Design, construction, and ocean testing of a taut-moored dual-body wave energy converter with a linear generator power take-off.” Renewable Energy 35 (2): 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.04.028.
Engelbrektson, A. 1997. “Refined ice/structure interaction model based on observations in the Gulf of Bothnia.” In Proc., 16th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 1997), 373–376. Little Falls, NJ: ASME.
Guo, F., Q. Yue, X. Bi, and Y. Liu. 2009. “Model test of ice-structure interaction.” In Proc., 28th Int. Conf. on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2009). Little Falls, NJ: ASME.
Henderson, R. 2006. “Design, simulation, and testing of a novel hydraulic power take-off system for the Pelamis wave energy converter.” Renewable Energy 31 (2): 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.08.021.
ISO. 2010. Petroleum and natural gas industries—Arctic offshore structures. ISO 19906. Geneva: ISO.
Kofoed, J. P., P. Frigaard, E. Friis-Madsen, and H. C. Sorensen. 2006. “Prototype testing of the wave energy converter wave dragon.” Renewable Energy 31 (2): 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.09.005.
Li, F., and Q. J. Yue. 2010. “The worst dynamic ice force on narrow conical structures.” Gongcheng Lixue/Eng. Mech. 27: 191–198.
McCabe, A., A. Bradshaw, J. Meadowcroft, and G. Aggidis. 2006. “Developments in the design of the PS Frog Mk 5 wave energy converter.” Renewable Energy 31 (2): 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.08.013.
Ponter, A. R. S., A. C. Palmer, D. J. Goodman, M. F. Ashby, A. G. Evans, and J. W. Hutchinson. 1983. “The force exerted by a moving ice sheet on an offshore structure. Part I: The creep mode.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 8 (2): 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(83)90002-2.
Schwarz, J. 2001. “Validation of low level ice forces on coastal structures.” In Proc., 11th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., 749–753. Mountain View, CA: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
Shi, W., X. Tan, Z. Gao, and T. Moan. 2016. “Numerical study of ice-induced loads and responses of a monopile-type offshore wind turbine in parked and operating conditions.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 123: 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.12.007.
Sodhi, D. S., and R. B. Haehnel. 2003. “Crushing ice forces on structures.” J. Cold Reg. Eng. 17 (4): 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2003)17:4(153).
Tan, X., B. Su, K. Riska, and T. Moan. 2013. “Refined ice/structure interaction model based on observations in the Gulf of Bothnia.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 92: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.03.006.
Xu, N., Y. Qu, Q. Yue, X. Bi, and A. C. Palmer. 2009. “Main factors of ice sheet-conical structure interaction process based on field monitoring.” In Proc., 28th Int. Conf. on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2009). Little Falls, NJ: ASME.
Yue, Q., F. Guo, and T. Kärnä. 2009. “Dynamic ice forces of slender vertical structures due to ice crushing.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 56 (2): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.11.008.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 13, 2018
Accepted: Aug 7, 2018
Published online: Jan 26, 2019
Published in print: Jun 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jun 26, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.