Discharge Assessment in Straight Open Channels with Partial Ice Cover
Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper develops an analytical model for discharge assessment in straight channels with partial ice cover. The flow section of a partly covered channel was laterally divided into several homogeneous subsections, which were further classified into six basic elements according to the solid boundary conditions. In each basic element, the momentum balance, which accounts for momentum exchange between the adjacent subsections, was analyzed. Then, a linear system with a tridiagonal coefficient matrix was presented to estimate discharge in the partly covered channel. Experimental data collected from the literature were used to examine the performance of the proposed method and compare its accuracy with traditional methods for discharge assessment in composite or compound channels. The comparative results indicated that the proposed method produces satisfactory predictions, and the traditional methods were shown to be inappropriate for stage-discharge predictions in partly covered channels. In addition, the main parameters presented in the proposed model were discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support for this work was provided by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2013ZX07102-006) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51109165). The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for providing numerous constructive suggestions.
References
Amodio, P., and L. Brugnano. 1992. “Parallel factorizations and parallel solvers for tridiagonal linear systems.” Linear Algebr. Appl. 172: 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(92)90034-8.
Ashton, G. D. 1986. River and lake ice engineering. Littleton, CO: Water Resources Publications.
Buffin-Belanger, T., S. Demers, and T. Olsen. 2015. “Quantification of under ice cover roughness.” In Proc., 18th Workshop on the Hydraulics of Ice Covered Rivers. Quebec: CGU HS Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment.
Chen, G., S. Gu, W. Huai, and Y. Zhang. 2015. “Boundary shear stress in rectangular ice-covered channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 141 (6): 06015005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001004.
Chen, G., M. Zhou, S. Gu, and W. Huai. 2016a. “Analytical model for stage-discharge prediction in rectangular ice-covered channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 142 (7): 06016006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001141.
Chen, J., Q. Zeng, and Z. Wang. 1993. “Flow structure in ice-covered channels.” [In Chinese.] J. Hydraul. Eng. 24 (2): 75–81.
Chen, Z., Q. Chen, and L. Jiang. 2016b. “Determination of apparent shear stress and its application in compound channels.” Procedia Eng. 154: 459–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.538.
Chokmani, K., T. Ouarda, and S. Hamilton. 2008. “Comparison of ice-affected streamflow estimates computed using artificial neural networks and multiple regression techniques.” J. Hydrol. 349 (3–4): 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.024.
Christodoulou, G. C. 1992. “Apparent shear stress in smooth compound channels.” Water Resour. Manage. 6 (3): 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00872358.
Davar, K. S., and N. A. Elhadi. 1981. “Management of ice-covered rivers: Problems and perspectives.” J. Hydrol. 51 (1–4): 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90132-3.
Gerard, R. 1980. “Flow in ice covered channels: Some fundamentals.” In Proc., Workshop on Hydraulic Resistance of River Ice. Burlington, Canada: Canada Centre for Inland Waters.
Haresign, M., J. S. Toews, and S. Clark. 2011. “Comparative testing of border ice growth prediction methods.” In Proc., 16th Workshop on River Ice. Quebec: CGU HS Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment.
Huai, W., G. Chen, and Y. Zeng. 2013. “Predicting apparent shear stress in prismatic compound open channels using artificial neural networks.” J. Hydroinf. 15 (1): 138–146. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2012.193.
Jiang, B., K. Yang, and S. Cao. 2015. “An analytical model for the distributions of velocity and discharge in compound channels with submerged vegetation.” PLOS One 10 (7): e0130841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130841.
Khozani, Z. S., H. Bonakdari, and A. H. Zaji. 2016. “Comparison of three soft computing methods in estimating apparent shear stress in compound channels.” Int. J. Civ. Eng. 29 (9): 1219–1226.
Krishnamurthy, M., and B. A. Krishnamurthy. 1972. “Equivalent roughness for shallow channels.” J. Hydraul. Div. 98 (HY12): 2257–2263.
Li, S. S. 2012. “Estimates of the Manning’s coefficient for ice-covered rivers.” Water Manage. 165 (9): 495–550. https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.11.00017.
Liu, P., and J. Dong. 1995. “Hydraulic computation of steady uniform flows in open channels with compound cross section.” [In Chinese.] J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst. 12 (3): 61–66.
Miles, T. 1993 “A study of border ice growth on the Burntwood River.” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Manitoba.
Moreta, P. J. M., and J. P. Martín-Vide. 2010. “Apparent friction coefficient in straight compound channels.” J. Hydraul. Res. 48 (2): 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221681003704137.
Morse, B., and F. Hicks. 2005. “Advances in river ice hydrology 1999–2003.” Hydrol Proc. 19 (1): 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5768.
Myers, W. R. C. 1978. “Momentum transfer in a compound channel.” J. Hydraul. Res. 16 (2): 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221687809499626.
Peters, M. 2016. “An experimental study of the hydraulic characteristics beneath a partial ice cover.” Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Manitoba.
Peters, M., S. P. Clark, K. Dow, J. Malenchak, and D. Danielson. 2018. “Flow characteristics beneath a simulated partial ice cover: Effects of ice and bed roughness.” J. Cold Reg. Eng. 32 (1): 04017017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CR.1943-5495.0000143.
Peters, M., K. Dow, S. Clark, J. Malenchak, and D. Danielson. 2017. “Experimental investigation of flow characteristics beneath partial ice covers.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 142: 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.07.007.
Prinos, P., and R. D. Townsend. 1984. “Comparison of methods for predicting discharge in compound open channels.” Adv. Water Resour. 7 (4): 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(84)90016-2.
Shen, H. T., and P. D. Yapa. 1986. “Flow resistance of river ice cover.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 112 (2): 142–156. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:2(142).
Shi, J. 2008. “Experimental study on the flow structure of ice-covered rivers.” [In Chinese.] Master’s thesis, College of Water and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi Univ.
Sui, J., R. Thring, B. W. Karney, and J. Wang. 2007. “Effects of river ice on stage-discharge relationships: A case study of the Yellow River.” Int. J. Sediment Res. 22 (4): 263–272.
Svensson, U., L. Billfalk, and L. Hammar. 1989. “A mathematical model of border-ice formation in rivers.” Cold Regions Sci. Tech. 16 (2): 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(89)90019-0.
Tang, T. C. C., and K. S. Davar. 1985. Resistance to flow in partially-covered channels. Fredericton, Canada: Univ. of New Brunswick.
Tsang, G. 1970 “Change of velocity distribution in a cross-section of a freezing river and the effect of frazil ice loading on velocity distribution.” In Proc., 1st Int. Symp. on Ice. Madrid, Spain: International Association of Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.
Uzuner, M. S. 1975. “The composite roughness of ice-covered streams.” J. Hydraul. Res. 13 (1): 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221687509499721.
Walker, J. F. 1991. “Accuracy of selected techniques for estimating ice-affected streamflow.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 117 (6): 697–712. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:6(697).
Wang, H., K. Yang, S. Cao, and X. Liu. 2007. “Computation of momentum transfer coefficient and conveyance capacity in compound channels.” J. Hydrodyn. 19 (2): 225–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(07)60052-3.
Wei, L. Y., and J. Z. Huang. 2002. “Composite manning roughness coefficient of ice-covered flows.” [In Chinese.] Eng. J. Wuhan Univ. 35 (4): 1–8.
Yang, K., X. Liu, S. Cao, and E. Huang. 2014. “Stage-discharge prediction in compound channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 140 (4): 06014001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000834.
Zeng, Y., Y. Wang, and W. Huai. 2010. “Hydraulic calculation of steady uniform flows in trapezoidal compound open channels.” Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed. 31 (8): 947–954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-010-1329-z.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 27, 2017
Accepted: Oct 2, 2018
Published online: Feb 12, 2019
Published in print: Jun 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jul 12, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.