Technical Papers
May 5, 2017

Experimental Study of Fatigue Flexural Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Hybrid GFRP and Steel Bars

Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 21, Issue 5

Abstract

Concrete beams reinforced with a combination of steel and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars exhibit promising strength, serviceability, and durability. The fatigue performance of concrete beams with hybrid reinforcement has not been studied previously. This paper designs an experimental program to investigate the fatigue flexural performance of concrete beams with longitudinal tension reinforcement of steel and GFRP bars. One static flexural specimen and three fatigue flexural specimens are tested. The influences of the fatigue load and reinforcement ratio on the fatigue behaviors are investigated. The fatigue loading level and the effective reinforcement ratio influence the fatigue life. The fatigue loading has little influence on the neutral axis depth. The curvature and midspan deflection increase significantly with the fatigue cycles before 0.01 million cycles and then increase slightly with the fatigue cycles after 0.01 million cycles. During the majority of the fatigue life, crack widths develop slowly. Different theoretical models for the midspan deflection of the concrete beams with hybrid reinforcement subjected to fatigue loading are developed and compared with the test results, and the selected model shows satisfactory accuracy.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The research reported in this paper was performed under the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China 51208373, Shanghai Pujiang Program 12PJ1409000, and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) 20120072120008.

References

Abbaschian, R., and Reed-Hill, R. E. (2008). Physical metallurgy principles, Cengage Learning, Stamford, CT.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (1992). “Considerations for design of concrete structures subjected to fatigue loading.” ACI 215R-74, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2006). “Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars.” ACI 440.1R-06, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2014). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318M-14, Farmington Hills, MI.
Adimi, M. R., Rahman, A. H., and Benmokrane, B. (2000). “New method for testing fiber-reinforced polymer rods under fatigue.” J. Compos. Constr., 206–213.
Aiello, M. A., and Ombres, L. (2002). “Structural performances of concrete beams with hybrid (fiber-reinforced polymer-steel) reinforcements.” J. Compos. Constr., 133–140.
Alsayed, S. H., Al-Salloum, Y. A., and Almusallam, T. H. (2000). “Performance of glass fiber reinforced plastic bars as a reinforcing material for concrete structures.” Compos. Part B-Eng., 31(6–7), 555–567.
Arya, C., Ofori-Darko, F. K., and Pirathapan, G. (1995). “FRP rebars and the elimination of reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures.” Non-metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures: Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Symp., E & FN Spon, London, 227–234.
Balaguru, P. N., Shah, S. P., and Naaman, A. E. (1979). “Fatigue behavior and design of ferrocement beams.” J. Struct. Div., 105(7), 1333–1346.
Bischoff, P. H. (2005). “Reevaluation of deflection prediction for concrete beams reinforced with steel and fiber reinforced polymer bars.” J. Struct. Eng., 752–767.
Carvelli, V., Pisani, M. A., and Poggi, C. (2010). “Fatigue behaviour of concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with GFRP bars.” Compos. Part B-Eng., 41(7), 560–567.
CEB-FIP (Comité Euro-Fédération International du Béton). (2013). fib model code for concrete structures 2010, Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Chinese National Standard. (2002). “Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete.” GB/T 50081-2002, China Building Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
Chinese National Standard. (2010a). “Code for design of concrete structures.” GB50010-2010, China Building Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
Chinese National Standard. (2010b). “Metallic materials—Tensile testing—1: Method of test at room temperature.” GB/T 228.1-2010, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing (in Chinese).
Chinese National Standard. (2013). “Test method for basic mechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer bar.” GB/T 30022-2013, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing (in Chinese).
Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G., and Realfonzo, R. (1997). “Behavior and modeling of bond of FRP rebars to concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 40–51.
El-Ragaby, A., El-Salakawy, E., and Benmokrane, B. (2007). “Fatigue life evaluation of concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with glass FRP composite bars.” J. Compos. Constr., 258–268.
Hawkins, N. M., and Shah, S. P. (1982). “American concrete institute considerations for fatigue.” IABSE fatigue of steel and concrete structures colloqium, Lausanne, Switzerland, 41–50.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). (2010). “Design.” Standard specifications for concrete structures—2007, Tokyo.
Kim, H. C., and Ebert, L. J. (1978). “Axial fatigue failure sequence and mechanisms in unidirectional fiberglass composites.” J. Compos. Mater., 12(2), 139–152.
Kong, F., and Evans, R. H. (1983). Handbook of structural concrete, Pitman Publishing, Inc., Marshfield, MA.
Kumar, S. V., and GangaRao, H. V. (1998). “Fatigue response of concrete decks reinforced with FRP rebars.” J. Struct. Eng., 11–16.
Lau, D., and Pam, H. J. (2010). “Experimental study of hybrid FRP reinforced concrete beams.” Eng. Struct., 32(12), 3857–3865.
Le Camus, B. (1945). “Recherches sur le comportement du béton et du armé soumis à des efforts répétés.”, Laboratoires du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Paris, 25–47.
Leung, H. Y., and Balendran, R. V. (2003). “Flexural behaviour of concrete beams internally reinforced with GFRP rods and steel rebars.” Struct. Surv., 21(4), 146–157.
Lovegrove, J. M., and El Din, S. (1982). “Deflection and cracking of reinforced concrete under repeated loading and fatigue.” Fatigue Concr. Struct., 75(6), 133–152.
Matapob, and Xie, J. F. (1964). Flexural performance of steel reinforced concrete members under cyclic load, Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
Newhook, J. P. (2000). “Design of under-reinforced concrete T-sections with GFRP reinforcement.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, J. Humar and A. G. Razaqpur, eds., Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, 153–160.
Pang, L., Qu, W. J., Zhu, P., and Xu, J. J. (2016). “Design propositions for hybrid FRP-steel reinforced concrete beams.” J. Compos. Constr., 04015086.
Probst, E. (1928). “The formation of cracks in plain and reinforced concrete structures with special reference to the effect of repeated loading.” Proc., 2nd Int. Congress for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Springer, Berlin, 492–497.
Probst, E. (1931). “The influence of rapidly alternating loading on concrete and reinforced concrete.” Struct. Eng., 9(10), 326–340.
Qu, W. J. (1995). “Durability evaluation and life prediction of existing concrete bridges.” Ph.D. dissertation, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Leshan Shi, P.R. China (in Chinese).
Qu, W. J., Zhang, X. L., and Huang, H. Q. (2009). “Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid (GFRP and steel) bars.” J. Compos. Constr., 350–359.
Rafi, M. M., Nadjai, A., Ali, F., and Talamona, D. (2008). “Aspects of behaviour of CFRP reinforced concrete beams in bending.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(3), 277–285.
Salkind, M. J. (1972). “Fatigue of composites.” Composite materials: Testing and design, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 143–169.
Shah, S. P. (1984). “Predictions of cumulative damage for concrete and reinforced concrete.” Mater. Struct., 17(1), 65–68.
Sims, D. F., and Brogdon, V. H. (1977). “Fatigue behavior of composites under different loading modes.” Fatigue of filamentary composite materials, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 185–205.
Tan, K. H. (1997). “Behavior of hybrid FRP-steel reinforced concrete beams.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-3), Japan Concrete Institute, Tokyo, 487–494.
Uomoto, T., Nishimura, T., and Ohga, H. (1995). “Static and fatigue strength of FRP rods for concrete reinforcement.” Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures: Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Symp., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 100–107.
Van Ornum, J. L. (1907). “The fatigue of concrete.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 58(1), 294–320.
Zhang, W. P., Liu, X. G., and Gu, X. L. (2016). “Fatigue behavior of corroded prestressed concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater., 106(9), 198–208.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Composites for Construction
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 21Issue 5October 2017

History

Received: Aug 16, 2016
Accepted: Feb 6, 2017
Published online: May 5, 2017
Published in print: Oct 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Oct 5, 2017

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Assistant Professor, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ., 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China. E-mail: [email protected]
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ., 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China. E-mail: [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ., 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Structural Engineer, Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tongji Univ. (Group) Co., Ltd., 1230 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share