State of Research on Seismic Retrofit of RC Beam-Column Joints with Externally Bonded FRP
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 14, Issue 1
Abstract
A considerable amount of research has been directed recently toward understanding and promoting the use of externally applied fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) for the seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In this paper, a comprehensive review and synthesis of published experimental studies on the seismic rehabilitation of RC frame beam-column joints with FRP is presented, and the issues that need to be addressed for further research are discussed. In addition, the paper presents a simple design model for predicting the contribution of the FRP to the shear strength of retrofitted joints. The key element in the model is the derivation of an expression for the effective FRP strain, based on the calibration of test data reported in the literature. A total of 54 tests carried out worldwide were considered in the review, and a database of the published studies, encompassing all relevant design parameters, was assembled. The reported test results confirm the structural effectiveness of the FRP strengthening technique for the seismic retrofit of RC joints. However, there are some gaps which need to be addressed. For instance, there is a lack of a rationale explanation of the resistance mechanisms involved in the beam-column joints retrofitted with FRP. Such a rational explanation is a prerequisite for the development of more comprehensive and rigorous design procedure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The financial support of the Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) through operating grants is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Al-Salloum, A. Y., and Almusallam, T. H. (2007). “Seismic response of interior RC beam-column joints upgraded with FRP sheets. I: Experimental study.” J. Compos. Constr., 11(6), 575–589.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2002). “Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures.” ACI 352R-02, ACI-ASCE Joint Committee 352, Farmington Hills, Mich.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2008). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures.” ACI 440 2R, ACI Committee 440, Farmington Hills, Mich.
Antonopoulos, C. P., and Triantafillou, T. C. (2002). “Analysis of FRP strengthened RC beam-column joints.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(1), 41–51.
Antonopoulos, C. P., and Triantafillou, T. C. (2003). “Experimental investigation of FRP-strengthened RC beam-column joints.” J. Compos. Constr., 7(1), 39–49.
Bakis, C. E., et al. (2002). “Fiber-reinforced polymer composites for construction—State of the art review.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(2), 73–187.
Beres, A., Pessiki, S. P., White, R. N., and Gergely, P. (1996). “Implications of experiments on the seismic behavior of gravity load designed RC beam-column connections.” Earthq. Spectra, 12(2), 185–198.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA). (2002). “Design and construction of building components with fiber-reinforced polymer.” CSA S806-02, Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ont.
Cheung, P. C., Paulay, T., and Park, R. (1993). “Behavior of beam-column joints in seismically loaded RC frames.” Struct. Eng., 71(8), 129–138.
El-Amoury, T., and Ghobarah, A. (2002). “Shear rehabilitation of beam-column joints using GFRP sheets.” Eng. Struct., 24(11), 1397–1407.
El-Gawady, M. A., Lestuzzi, P., and Badoux, M. (2005). “In-plane seismic response of URM walls upgraded with FRP.” J. Compos. Constr., 9(6), 524–535.
Engindeniz, M., Kahn, L. F., and Zurieck, A. (2005). “Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam-column joints: State of the art.” ACI Struct. J., 102(2), 187–197.
Fédération Internationale du Béton (FIB). (2001). “Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures.” FIB: Bulletin 14, Fédération Internationale du Béton, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Geng, Z. -J., Chajes, M. J., Chou, T. -W., and Yen-Cheng Pan, D. (1998). “The retrofitting of reinforced column-to-beam connections.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 58(8), 1297–1305.
Ghobarah, A., and El-Amoury, T. (2005). “Seismic rehabilitation of deficient exterior concrete frame joints.” J. Compos. Constr., 9(5), 408–416.
Ghobarah, A., and Said, A. (2002). “Shear strengthening of beam-column joints.” Eng. Struct., 24(7), 881–888.
Hakuto, S., Park, R., and Tanaka, H. (2000). “Seismic load tests on interior and exterior beam-column joints with substandard reinforcing details.” ACI Struct. J., 97(1), 11–25.
Japanese Reconnaissance Team (JRT). (2004). Boumerdes earthquake: The 21st May 2003, M. Hamada and K. Ramdane, eds., Japan Assoc. Earthquake Eng. (JAEE), Japan Soc. Civ. Eng. (JSCE), Architectural Inst. Japan (AIJ), and Japan Geotechnical Soc. (JGS), Algiers, Algeria.
Karayannis, C. G. and Sirkelis, G. M. (2008). “Strengthening and rehabilitation of RC beam–column joints using carbon-FRP jacketing and epoxy resin injection.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(5), 769–790.
Moehle, J. P. (2006). “Collapse of lightly confined reinforced concrete frames during earthquakes.” Advances in earthquake eng. for urban risk reduction, S. T. Wasti and G. Ozcebe, eds., Springer, The Netherlands, 317–332.
Mosallam, A. S. (2000). “Strength and ductility of RC moment frame connections strengthened with quasi-isotropic laminates.” Composites, Part B, 31(6–7), 481–497.
Mukherjee, A., and Joshi, M. (2005). “FRPC reinforced concrete beam-column joints under cyclic excitation.” Compos. Struct., 70(2), 185–199.
Pantazopoulou, S., and Bonacci, J. (1992). “Consideration of questions about beam-column joints.” ACI Struct. J., 89(1), 27–36.
Pantelides, C. P., and Gergely, J. (2002). “Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer seismic retrofit of RC bridges bent: Design and in situ validation.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(1), 52–60.
Pantelides, C. P., Hansen, J., Nadauld, J., and Reaveley, L. D. (2002). “Assessment of reinforced concrete building exterior joints with substandard details.” Pacific Earthquake Eng. Res. Center (PEERC) Rep. No. 2002-18.
Pantelides, C. P., Okahashi, Y., and Reaveley, L. D. (2008). “Seismic rehabilitation of reinforced concrete frame interior-beam joints with FRP composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 12(4), 435–445.
Park, R. (2002). “A summary of results of simulated seismic load tests on reinforced concrete beam-column joints, beams and columns with substandard reinforcing details.” J. Earthquake Eng., 6(2), 147–174.
Park, R. (2003). “Some controversial aspects of the seismic design of reinforced concrete building structures.” New Zealand Nat. Soc. Earthquake Eng. Bull, 36(3), 165–188.
Parra-Montesinos, G. J. and Wight, J. K. (2002). “Prediction of strength and shear distortion in R/C beam-column joints.” ACI J., SP197-10, 191–214.
Priestley, M. J. N. (1997). “Displacement based seismic assessment of reinforced concrete buildings.” J. Earthquake Eng., 1(1), 157–192.
Priestley, M. J. N., and Calvi, G. M. (1991). “Towards a capacity-design assessment procedure for reinforced concrete frames.” Earthquake Spectra, 7(3), 413–437.
Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F. (1995). “Design of seismic retrofit measures for concrete and masonry structures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 9(6), 365–377.
Prota, A., Nanni, A., Manfredi, G., and Cosenza, E. (2004). “Selective upgrade of under-designed reinforced beam-column joints using carbon fiber-reinforced concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 101(5), 699–707.
Saatcioglu, M. (2003). “Research on seismic retrofit and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures.” Proc., 31st Annual Conf. of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, CSCE, M. Massiéra and G. Poitras, eds., Vol. GCU-542, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Moncton, Canada, 10.
Saatcioglu, M. (2006). “Seismic risk mitigation through retrofitting non-ductile concrete frame systems.” Advances in earthquake eng. for urban risk reduction, S. T. Wasti and G. Ozcebe, eds., Springer, The Netherlands, 179–194.
Saatcioglu, M., et al. (2001). “The August 17, 1999, Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake—Damage to structures.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 28(4), 715–737.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., Hegemier, G. A., and Innamorato, D. (1997). “Seismic retrofit of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 1(2), 52–62.
Thermou, G. E., and Elnashai, A. S. (2006). “Seismic retrofit schemes for RC structures and local-global consequences.” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 8(1), 1–15.
Tsonos, A. G. (2008). “Effectiveness of CFRP-jackets and RC-jackets in post-earthquake and pre-earthquake retrofitting of beam–column subassemblages.” Eng. Struct., 30(3), 777–793.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 14 • Issue 1 • February 2010
Pages: 49 - 61
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 18, 2008
Accepted: May 6, 2009
Published online: May 11, 2009
Published in print: Feb 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.