Shear Strengthening of Corroded RC Beams Using UHPC–FRP Composites
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 1
Abstract
In this paper, ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) combined with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is proposed for the shear strengthening of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The UHPC–FRP composites are utilized to replace the spalled concrete cover in corroded RC beams. UHPC helps controlling the crack width and preventing the corrosive substances in the environment from invading the internal steel stirrups, whereas the carbon FRP (CFRP) meshes are embedded in UHPC to increase its tensile strength. The experimental study shows that the UHPC–FRP shear strengthening significantly increased the shear capacity of the RC beams and suppressed the formation of shear cracks. The introduction of thin CFRP meshes in UHPC greatly decreased the crack width in concrete. No debonding was observed between FRP and UHPC. The shear capacity contribution between the steel stirrups and UHPC–FRP composites was affected by the corrosion level in the existing internal shear stirrups. An analytical model is proposed for the prediction of shear capacity contributions of all materials to the strengthened RC beams, which shows satisfactory precision as compared to the experimental data.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work by the first and second authors is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51808344 and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 2018A030310535. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2014. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318-14. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2017. Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures. ACI 440.2R-17. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Al-Gemeel, A. N., and Y. Zhuge. 2019. “Using textile reinforced engineered cementitious composite for concrete columns confinement.” Compos. Struct. 210: 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.11.093.
Al-Osta, M. A., M. N. Isa, M. H. Baluch, and M. K. Rahman. 2017. “Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 134: 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.094.
ARTBA (American Road and Transportation Builders Association). 2019. 2019 ARTBA bridge report. Washington, DC: ARTBA.
ASCE. 2016. 2016 report card for America’s infrastructure. Reston, VA: ASCE.
ASTM. 2005. Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM C39/C39M-18. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019. Standard specification for deformed and plain stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement. ASTM A955/A955M-19. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Chen, C., H. Cai, J. Li, P. Zhong, B. Huang, L. L. Sui, and Y. W. Zhou. 2020. “One-dimensional extended FEM based approach for predicting the tensile behavior of SHCC-FRP composites.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 225: 106775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106775.
Chen, C., and L. Cheng. 2014. “Cohesive model based approach for fatigue life prediction of reinforced concrete structures strengthened with NSM FRP.” J. Compos. Constr. 18 (2): 04013042. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000446.
Chen, C., and L. Cheng. 2019. “Single crack-based model for FRP shear strengthened RC beams.” J. Compos. Constr. 23 (4): 04019030. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000953.
Chen, C., X. Li, D. Zhao, Z. Y. Huang, L. L. Sui, F. Xing, and Y. W. Zhou. 2019a. “Mechanism of surface preparation on FRP-concrete bond performance: A quantitative study.” Composites, Part B 163: 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.11.027.
Chen, C., X. Wang, L. L. Sui, F. Xing, X. Chen, and Y. W. Zhou. 2019b. “Influence of FRP thickness and confining effect on flexural performance of HB-strengthened RC beams.” Composites, Part B 161: 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.059.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2012. Design and construction of building components with fiber-reinforced polymer. CAN/CSA S806-12. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2014. Design of concrete structures. CSA A23.3-14. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
Fan, L., W. Meng, L. Teng, and K. H. Khayat. 2019. “Effect of steel fibers with galvanized coatings on corrosion of steel bars embedded in UHPC.” Composites, Part B 177: 107445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107445.
Farzad, M., S. F. Fancy, A. Azizinamini, and K. Lau. 2019. “Effect of concrete moisture on macrocell development in repair of reinforced concrete substructure with UHPC.” In Corrosion 2019 Conf. & Expo, National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) International-CORROSION. Nashville, Tennessee: NACE International.
Farzad, M., A. Sadeghnejad, S. Rastkar, A. Moshkforoush, and A. Azizinamini. 2020. “A theoretical analysis of mechanical and durability enhancement of circular reinforced concrete columns repaired with UHPC.” Eng. Struct. 209: 109928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109928.
Ferrier, E., A. Confrere, L. Michel, G. Chanvillard, and S. Bernardi. 2016. “Shear behaviour of new beams made of UHPC concrete and FRP rebar.” Composites, Part B 90: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.11.022.
Ge, W., A. F. Ashour, D. Cao, W. Lu, P. Gao, J. Yu, X. Ji, and C. Cai. 2019. “Experimental study on flexural behavior of ECC-concrete composite beams reinforced with FRP bars.” Compos. Struct. 208: 454–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.026.
Graybeal, B. A. 2007. “Compressive behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 104 (2): 146–152.
Graybeal, B. A., and F. Baby. 2013. “Development of direct tension test method for ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 110 (2): 177–186.
Harris, D. K., S. Jayeeta, and M. A. Theresa. 2011. “Characterization of the interface bond of ultra-high-performance concrete bridge deck overlays.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2240 (1): 40–49. https://doi.org/10.3141/2240-07.
Hu, B., Y. Zhou, F. Xing, L. L. Sui, and M. Luo. 2019. “Experimental and theoretical investigation on the hybrid CFRP-ECC flexural strengthening of RC beams with corroded longitudinal reinforcement.” Eng. Struct. 200: 109717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109717.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). 2008. Recommendation for design and construction of high performance fiber reinforced cement composites with multiple cracks. Tokyo: JSCE.
Kim, B., A. J. Boyd, H. S. Kim, and S. H. Lee. 2015. “Steel and synthetic types of fibre reinforced concrete exposed to chemical erosion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 93: 720–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.023.
Li, W. W., and C. K. Y. Leung. 2016. “Shear span–depth ratio effect on behavior of RC beam shear strengthened with full-wrapping FRP strip.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (3): 04015067. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000627.
Luo, J., X. Shao, W. Fan, J. Cao, and S. Deng. 2019. “Flexural cracking behavior and crack width predictions of composite (steel + UHPC) lightweight deck system.” Eng. Struct. 194: 120–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.05.018.
Marchand, P., F. Baby, A. Khadour, P. Rivillon, J.-C. Renaud, L. Baron, G. Genereux, J.-P. Deveaud, A. Simon, and F. Toutlemonde. 2019. “Response of UHPFRC columns submitted to combined axial and alternate flexural loads.” J. Struct. Eng. 145 (1): 04018225. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002209.
Mohammed, T. J., B. H. Abu Bakar, and N. M. Bunnori. 2016. “Torsional improvement of reinforced concrete beams using ultra high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFC) jackets—Experimental study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 106: 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.160.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development). 2010. Code for design of concrete structures. GB 50010-2010. Beijing: China Architecture & Building.
Prem, P. R., and A. R. Murthy. 2016. “Acoustic emission and flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with UHPC overlay.” Constr. Build. Mater. 123: 481–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.033.
Prem, P. R., A. R. Murthy, and M. Verma. 2018. “Theoretical modelling and acoustic emission monitoring of RC beams strengthened with UHPC.” Constr. Build. Mater. 158: 670–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.063.
Sui, L. L., M. Luo, K. Q. Yu, F. Xing, P. D. Li, Y. W. Zhou, and C. Chen. 2018. “Effect of engineered cementitious composite on the bond behavior between fiber-reinforced polymer and concrete.” Compos. Struct. 184: 775–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.10.050.
Tanarslan, H. M. 2017. “Flexural strengthening of RC beams with prefabricated ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete laminates.” Eng. Struct. 151: 337–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.08.048.
Tanarslan, H. M., N. Alver, R. Jahangiri, C. Yalcinkaya, and H. Yazici. 2017. “Flexural strengthening of RC beams using UHPFRC laminates: Bonding techniques and rebar addition.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155: 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.056.
Valikhani, A., A. J. Jahromi, I. M. Mantawy, and A. Azizinamini. 2020. “Experimental evaluation of concrete-to-UHPC bond strength with correlation to surface roughness for repair application.” Constr. Build. Mater. 238: 117753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117753.
Vincler, J. P., T. Sanchez, V. Turgeon, D. Conciatori, and L. Sorelli. 2019. “A modified accelerated chloride migration tests for UHPC and UHPFRC with PVA and steel fibers.” Cem. Concr. Res. 117: 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.12.006.
Wu, C., and V. C. Li. 2017. “CFRP-ECC hybrid for strengthening of concrete structures.” Compos. Struct. 178: 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.07.034.
Wu, Y. F., and B. Hu. 2017. “Shear strength components in reinforced concrete members.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (9): 04017092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001832.
Xie, J., Q. Fu, and J.-B. Yan. 2019. “Compressive behaviour of stub concrete column strengthened with ultra-high performance concrete jacket.” Constr. Build. Mater. 204: 643–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.220.
Yang, X., W. Y. Gao, J. G. Dai, and Z. Lu. 2020. “Shear strengthening of RC beams with FRP grid-reinforced ECC matrix.” Compos. Struct. 241: 112120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112120.
Yang, X., W. Y. Gao, J. G. Dai, Z. Lu, and K. Q. Yu. 2018. “Flexural strengthening of RC beams with CFRP grid-reinforced ECC matrix.” Compos. Struct. 189: 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.01.048.
Yu, K., Y. Ding, J. Liu, and Y. Bai. 2020. “Energy dissipation characteristics of all-grade polyethylene fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites (PE-ECC).” Cem. Concr. Compos. 106: 103459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103459.
Zhang, Y., P. Zhu, X. W. Wang, and J. Wu. 2020. “Shear properties of the interface between ultra-high performance concrete and normal strength concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 248: 118455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118455.
Zhang, Y., Y. Zhu, M. Yeseta, D. Meng, X. Shao, Q. Dang, and G. Chen. 2019. “Flexural behaviors and capacity prediction on damaged reinforcement concrete (RC) bridge deck strengthened by ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) layer.” Constr. Build. Mater. 215: 347–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.229.
Zhao, C., K. Wang, R. Xu, K. Deng, and B. Cui. 2019. “Development of fully prefabricated steel-UHPC composite deck system.” J. Struct. Eng. 145 (7): 04019051. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002338.
Zheng, Y., L. F. Zhang, and L. P. Xia. 2018. “Investigation of the behaviour of flexible and ductile ECC link slab reinforced with FRP.” Constr. Build. Mater. 166: 694–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.188.
Zheng, Y. Z., W. W. Wang, and J. C. Brigham. 2016. “Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with a composite reinforcement layer: BFRP grid and ECC.” Constr. Build. Mater. 115: 424–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.038.
Zmetra, K. M., K. F. McMullen, A. E. Zaghi, and K. Wille. 2017. “Experimental study of UHPC repair for corrosion-damaged steel girder ends.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (8): 04017037. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001067.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 26 • Issue 1 • January 2021
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 11, 2019
Accepted: Aug 10, 2020
Published online: Oct 29, 2020
Published in print: Jan 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Mar 29, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.