Ultimate Behavior of Steel and CFT Piers in Two-Span Continuous Elevated-Girder Bridge Models Tested by Shake-Table Excitations
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 5
Abstract
Bidirectional shake-table tests were performed on two types of relatively large two-span continuous elevated-girder bridge models. One was supported on thin-walled hollow steel (HT) piers, and the other was supported on concrete-filled tubular (CFT) piers. The CFT piers were made by filling the hollow columns of the HT piers with normal concrete. One objective of the shake-table tests was to acquire basic data to establish an advanced seismic design method of the HT and CFT piers under bidirectional horizontal seismic accelerations, considering the interaction between the piers, rubber bearings, and a superstructure. The other objective was to experimentally confirm the effectiveness of upgrading the elevated-girder bridges with the HT piers by using CFT piers. It was shown by the present tests that the ultimate state of the respective HT piers in the bridge model was predicted reasonably well by the interaction equation expressed in terms of the multiaxial force and moment components acting at the top of the columns. As soon as all the piers reached their ultimate states, the entire physical bridge model with the HT piers started to collapse in the transverse (TR) direction. Because of the load redistribution between the HT piers in the bridge model during the shake-table test, the energy dissipation capacity of the piers increased considerably compared with that evaluated by the conventional shake-table test on single cantilever column models with a mass fixed to their top. The physical bridge model with the CFT piers exhibited an excellently upgraded seismic performance (i.e., small local buckling deformations of the piers and negligibly small residual sway displacements of the bridge system) despite the increased input acceleration wave with an amplitude 1.5 times larger than that used for the physical bridge model with the HT piers. This upgraded performance of the CFT piers was due to their enhanced energy dissipation capacity and unique local buckling restraining and/or restoring behavior.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grants JP23246084 and JP16H02359).
References
Chen, Y., Feng, M., and Soyoz, S. (2008). “Large-scale shake table test verification of bridge condition assessment method.” J. Struct. Eng., 1235–1245.
De Grandis, S., Domaneschi, M., and Perotti, F. (2009). “A numerical procedure for computing the fragility of NPP components under random seismic excitation.” Nucl. Eng. Des., 239(11), 2491–2499.
Goto, Y. (2014). “Seismic design of thin-walled steel and CFT piers, seismic design.” Bridge engineering handbook, 2nd Ed., W. F. Chen and L. Duan, CRC/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, 337–379.
Goto, Y., Ebisawa, T., and Lu, X. (2014). “Local buckling restraining behavior of thin-walled circular CFT columns under seismic Loads.” J. Struct. Eng., 04013105.
Goto, Y., Ebisawa, T., Lu, X., and Lu, W. (2015). “Ultimate state of thin-walled circular steel columns subjected to biaxial horizontal forces and biaxial bending moments caused by bidirectional seismic accelerations.” J. Struct. Eng., 04014122.
Goto, Y., Ghosh, P. K., and Kawanishi, N. (2010). “Nonlinear finite element analysis for hysteretic behavior of thin-walled circular columns with in-filled concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 1413–1422.
Goto, Y., Jiang, K., and Obata, M. (2006). “Stability and ductility of thin-walled circular steel columns under cyclic bidirectional loading.” J. Struct. Eng., 1621–1631.
Goto, Y., Mizuno, K., and Prosenjit Kumar, G. (2012). “Nonlinear finite element analysis for cyclic behavior of thin-walled stiffened rectangular steel columns with in-filled concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 571–584.
Goto, Y., Muraki, M., and Obata, M. (2009). “Ultimate state of thin-walled circular steel columns under bidirectional seismic accelerations.” J. Struct. Eng., 1481–1490.
Goto, Y., Wang, Q., and Obata, M. (1998). “FEM analysis for hysteretic behavior of thin-walled columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 1290–1301.
JARA (Japan Road Association). (2002). Design specifications of highway bridges—Part IV: Seismic design, Maruzen, Tokyo.
JARA (Japan Road Association). (2004). The handbook of bearing support for highway bridges, Maruzen, Tokyo.
Johnson, N., Ranf, R. T., Saiid, M., Sanders, D., and Eberhard, M. (2008). “Seismic testing of a two-span reinforced concrete bridge.” J. Bridge Eng., 173–182.
Johnson, N., Saiid, M., Sanders, D. (2009). “Nonlinear earthquake response modeling of a large-scale two-span concrete bridge.” J. Bridge Eng., 460–471.
Obata, M., and Goto, Y. (2007). “Development of multidirectional structural testing system applicable to pseudo-dynamic test.” J. Struct. Eng., 638–645.
Perotti, F., Domaneschi, M., and De Grandis, S. (2013). “The numerical computation of seismic fragility of base-isolated nuclear power plants buildings.” Nucl. Eng. Des., 262, 189–200.
Saiid, M. S., Vosooghi, A., and Neilson, R. B. (2013). “Shake-table studies of a four-span reinforced concrete bridge.” J. Struct. Eng., 1352–1361.
Schoettler, M. J., Restrepo, J. I., Guerrini, G., Duck, D. E., and Carrea, F. (2015). “A full-scale, single-column bridge bent tested by shake-table excitation.” PEER Rep. No. 2015/02, Pacific Earthquake Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 13, 2016
Accepted: Oct 19, 2016
Published online: Jan 13, 2017
Published in print: May 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jun 13, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.