Experimental Behavior of Bridge Beams Retrofitted with Postinstalled Shear Connectors
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 4
Abstract
A number of older bridges were constructed with floor systems consisting of a noncomposite concrete slab over steel girders. A potentially economical means of strengthening these floor systems is to connect the existing concrete slab and steel girders with postinstalled shear connectors to permit the development of composite action. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of this concept. Five large-scale noncomposite beams were constructed, and four of these were retrofitted with postinstalled shear connectors and tested under static load. The retrofitted composite beams were designed as partially composite with a 30% shear connection ratio. A noncomposite beam was also tested as a baseline specimen. Test results showed that the strength and stiffness of existing noncomposite bridge girders can be increased significantly. Further, excellent ductility of the strengthened partially composite girders was achieved by placing the postinstalled shear connectors near zero-moment regions to reduce slip demand on the connectors. The test results also showed that current simplified design approaches commonly used for partially composite beams in buildings provide good predictions of the strength and stiffness of partially composite bridge girders strengthened using postinstalled shear connectors.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided for this study by the Texas Department of TransportationTXDOT. The authors extend a special thanks to Jon Kilgore, Clara Carbajal, and Joseph Rohmer of the Texas Department of Transportation for their support, assistance, and advice throughout the entire course of this project. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Brad Schaap, Brent Hungerford, Hulya Kayir, and Young Kyu Ju in the earlier phases of this research study. The experiments described here were conducted at the Phil M. Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory of the University of Texas at Austin.
References
AASHTO. (2007). LRFD bridge design specifications interim, customary U.S. units, 4th Ed., Washington, DC.
ABAQUS. (2007). ABAQUS analysis user’s manual (Ver. 6.7), Pawtucket, RI.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2008). “Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-08) and commentary.” ACI 318R-05, Farmington Hills, MI.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). (2005). Specification for structural steel buildings, Chicago.
ASTM. (2005a). “Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products.” A370-05, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005b). “Standard test method for compression strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” C39/C39M-05, West Conshohocken, PA.
Grant, J. A., Fisher, J. W., and Slutter, R. G. (1977). “Composite beams with formed steel deck.” Eng. J., 14(1), 24–43.
Hognestad, E. (1951). “A study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members.” Bulletin Series No. 399, Univ. of Illinois Engineering Experimental Station, Urbana, IL.
Hungerford, B. E. (2004). “Methods to develop composite action in non-composite bridge floor systems: Part II.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Univ of Texas, Austin, TX.
Kayir, H. (2006). “Methods to develop composite action in non-composite bridge floor systems: Fatigue behavior of post-installed shear connectors.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Kwon, G. (2008). “Strengthening existing steel bridge girders by the use of post-installed shear connectors.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Kwon, G., Engelhardt, M. D., and Klingner, R. E. (2010). “Behavior of post-installed shear connectors under static and fatigue loading.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(4), 532–541.
Kwon, G., Klingner, R. E., and Engelhardt, M. D. (2009). “Implementation project: Strengthening of a bridge near Hondo, Texas using post-installed shear connectors.” Research Rep. No. 5-4124-1, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Oehlers, D. J., and Sved, G. (1995). “Composite beams with limited-slip-capacity shear connectors.” J. Struct. Eng., 121(6), 932–938.
Ollgaard, J. G., Slutter, R. G., and Fisher, J. W. (1971). “Shear strength of stud shear connectors in lightweight and normal-weight concrete.” Eng. J., 8(2), 55–64.
Schaap, B. A. (2004). “Methods to develop composite action in non-composite bridge floor systems: Part I.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 16 • Issue 4 • July 2011
Pages: 536 - 545
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 1, 2010
Accepted: Sep 23, 2010
Published online: Sep 27, 2010
Published in print: Jul 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.