Elastoplastic Behavior of Case-Carburized 18Cr2Ni4WA Steel by Indenter Testing
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 4
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of case-carburized 18Cr2Ni4WA steel is investigated by an optimization method combined with finite-element simulation based on indentation tests. For a measured load-displacement curve, the uniqueness of the combination of the strain hardening exponent and yield stress of a material is discussed by analyzing their effects on the maximum reaction force and residual displacement. The result shows that the effects of yield stress on the load-displacement curve are more pronounced than those of the strain hardening exponent when the elastic modulus is prior known. An optimization model containing an equality constraint is constructed and carried out in every indentation location, and its results indicate that the strain hardening exponent may be constant with depth in the case-carburized steel. The conclusion is further verified through a modified optimization model proposed herein. Therefore, the gradient in the mechanical behavior for the carburized material is primarily reflected by the variation in yield stress with depth. The correlation between hardness and yield stress is established through the least squares method according to the results of the modified optimization model and should help predict the mechanical behavior of parts in the carburized material.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bhattacharyya, A., A. Pandkar, G. Subhash, and N. Arakere. 2015. “Cyclic constitutive response and effective S-N diagram of M50 NiL case-hardened bearing steel subjected to rolling contact fatigue.” J. Tribol. 137 (4): 041102. Htt2ps://doi.org/10.1115/1.4030689.
Branch, N. A., N. Arakere, G. Subhash, and M. A. Klecka. 2011a. “Determination of constitutive response of plastically graded materials.” Int. J. Plast. 27 (5): 728–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.09.001.
Branch, N. A., G. Subhash, N. K. Arakere, and M. A. Klecka. 2010. “Material-dependent representative plastic strain for the prediction of indentation hardness.” Acta Mater. 58 (19): 6487–6494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.08.010.
Branch, N. A., G. Subhash, N. K. Arakere, and M. A. Klecka. 2011b. “A new reverse analysis to determine the constitutive response of plastically graded case hardened bearing steels.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 48 (3–4): 584–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.10.023.
Bucaille, J., S. Stauss, E. Felder, and J. Michler. 2003. “Determination of plastic properties of metals by instrumented indentation using different sharp indenters.” Acta Mater. 51 (6): 1663–1678. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00568-2.
Choi, I., M. Dao, and S. Suresh. 2008a. “Mechanics of indentation of plastically graded materials. Part I: Analysis.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56 (1): 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2007.07.007.
Choi, I., A. Detor, R. Schwaiger, M. Dao, C. Schuh, and S. Suresh. 2008b. “Mechanics of indentation of plastically graded materials. II: Experiments on nanocrystalline alloys with grain size gradients.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56 (1): 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2007.07.006.
Chollacoop, N., M. Dao, and S. Suresh. 2003. “Depth-sensing instrumented indentation with dual sharp indenters.” Acta Mater. 51 (13): 3713–3729. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00186-1.
Dao, M., N. Chollacoop, K. V. Vliet, T. Venkatesh, and S. Suresh. 2001. “Computational modeling of the forward and reverse problems in instrumented sharp indentation.” Acta Mater. 49 (19): 3899–3918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00295-6.
Gao, X., X. Jing, and G. Subhash. 2006. “Two new expanding cavity models for indentation deformations of elastic strain-hardening materials.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 43 (7–8): 2193–2208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.03.062.
Gaško, M., and G. Rosenberg. 2011. “Correlation between hardness and tensile properties in ultra-high strength dual phase steels: Short communication.” Mater. Eng. 18 (4): 155–159.
Lan, H., and T. A. Venkatesh. 2014. “On the relationships between hardness and the elastic and plastic properties of isotropic power-law hardening materials.” Philos. Mag. 94 (1): 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2013.839889.
Li, Y., P. Stevens, M. Sun, C. Zhang, and W. Wang. 2016. “Improvement of predicting mechanical properties from spherical indentation test.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 117 (Oct): 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2016.08.019.
Loganathan, T., J. Purbolaksono, J. Inayat-Hussain, and N. Wahab. 2011. “Effects of carburization on expected fatigue life of alloys steel shafts.” Mater. Des. 32 (6): 3544–3547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.004.
Mittemeijer, E., and M. Somers. 2015. “Kinetics of thermochemical surface treatments.” In Thermochemical surface engineering of steels, 113–140. Oxford, UK: Woodhead Publishing.
Narasimhan, R. 2004. “Analysis of indentation of pressure sensitive plastic solids using the expanding cavity model.” Mech. Mater. 36 (7): 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00075-9.
Oliver, W., and G. Pharr. 1992. “An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments.” J. Mater. Res. 7 (6): 1564–1583. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.1564.
Pavlina, E., and C. V. Tyne. 2008. “Correlation of yield strength and tensile strength with hardness for steels.” J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 17 (6): 888–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-008-9225-5.
Sakharova, N., J. Fernandes, J. Antunes, and M. Oliveira. 2009. “Comparison between Berkovich, Vickers and conical indentation tests: A three-dimensional numerical simulation study.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 46 (5): 1095–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.10.032.
Venkatesh, T., K. V. Vliet, A. Giannakopoulos, and S. Suresh. 2000. “Determination of elasto-plastic properties by instrumented sharp indentation: Guidelines for property extraction.” Scripta Mater. 42 (9): 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00311-0.
Walvekar, A., and F. Sadeghi. 2017. “Rolling contact fatigue of case carburized steels.” Int. J. Fatigue 95 (Feb): 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.11.003.
Woods, J., S. Daniewicz, and R. Nellums. 1999. “Increasing the bending fatigue strength of carburized spur gear teeth by presetting.” Int. J. Fatigue 21 (6): 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00011-0.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 4 • July 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 9, 2018
Accepted: Jan 23, 2019
Published online: Apr 30, 2019
Published in print: Jul 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Sep 30, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.