Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact on Hollow Blades of Titanium Fan Assembly
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 4
Abstract
In this paper, a bird impact test was carried out on a static hollow blade, and a numerical model corresponding to the test was established based on the dynamic explicit finite-element software PAM-CRASH and its smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Good consistency between the simulating and experimental results proves the validation of the calculating method used in the model. Then, the numerical model of a rotary engine fan assembly with the same hollow blades was established, and its dynamic responses to bird impact were studied under different working conditions. Results show that the bird speed, mass, and impact location, and the rotating speed of the fan, have significant effects on the final deformation of the engine blades. The conclusions presented in this paper can provide a reference on anti-bird-strike design and airworthiness verification of the engine fan blade.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Chen, W., Y. P. Guan, and D. P. Gao. 2003. “Numerical simulation of the transient response of blade due to bird impact.” [In Chinese.] Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica 24 (6): 531–533.
Chen, W., W. K. Qi, and D. P. Gao. 1998. “Transient responses of blades to bird impact coupled with deformations of blade.” [In Chinese.] J. Aerosp. Power 13 (1): 93–95.
China’s Civil Aviation Science and Technology Academy. 2016. 2015 China’s civil aviation aircraft bird strike information analysis report. [In Chinese.] Beijing: China’s Civil Aviation Science and Technology Academy.
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). 2007. “14 CFR Part 33 airworthiness standards: Aircraft engines—Section 33.76 bird ingestion.” Accessed March 26, 2019. https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/EasternElectra/33.76.pdf.
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). 2009. “Advisory Circular No. 33.76-1A, bird ingestion certification standards.” Accessed March 25, 2019. https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_33_76-1A.pdf.
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). 2019. “Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States 1990–2017.” Accessed March 25, 2019. https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/wildlife/media/wildlife-strike-report-1990-2017.pdf.
Gingold, R. A., and J. J. Monaghan. 1977. “Smoothed particle hydrodynamics-theory and application to non-spherical stars.” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 181 (3): 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/181.3.375.
Guan, Y. P., Z. H. Zhao, W. Chen, and D. P. Gao. 2008. “Foreign object damage to fan rotor blades of aeroengine. Part II: Numerical simulation of bird impact.” Chin. J. Aeronaut. 21 (4): 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1000-9361(08)60043-6.
Heimbs, S. 2011. “Computational methods for bird strike simulations: A review.” Comput. Struct. 89 (23–24): 2093–2112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.08.007.
Huang, J., Y. Z. Guo, D. Y. Qin, Z. X. Zhou, D. D. Li, and Y. L. Li. 2018. “Influence of stress triaxiality on the failure behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under a broad range of strain rates.” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 97: 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2018.07.008.
Johnson, G. R., and W. H. Cook. 1983. “A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures.” In Vol. 21 of Proc., 7th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, 541–548. Amsterdam, Netherlands: European Structural Integrity Society.
Johnson, G. R., and W. H. Cook. 1985. “Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 21 (1): 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(85)90052-9.
Kim, M., A. Zammit, A. Siddens, and J. Bayandor. 2011. “An extensive crashworthiness methodology for advanced propulsion systems. Part 1: Soft impact damage assessment of composite fan stage assemblies.” In Proc., 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, 1–16. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Lavoie, M. A., A. Gakwaya, M. N. Ensan, D. G. Zimcik, and D. Nandlall. 2009. “Bird’s substitute tests results and evaluation of available numerical methods.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 36 (10–11): 1276–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.03.009.
Letellier, A., H. Bung, P. Galon, and M. Berthillier. 1997. “Bird impact on fan blade analysis using smooth particle hydrodynamics coupled with finite elements.” In Vol. 351 of Pressure vessels and piping division (publication) PVP, structures under extreme loading conditions, 191–195. New York: ASME.
Liu, J., and Y. L. Li. 2013. “Numerical simulation of a rotary engine primary compressor impacted by bird.” Chin. J. Aeronaut. 26 (4): 926–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2013.06.006.
Liu, J., Y. L. Li, and X. H. Gao. 2014. “Bird strike on a flat plate: Experiments and numerical simulations.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 70: 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.03.006.
Liu, J., Y. L. Li, and Y. Y. Liu. 2008. “Numerical simulation study of bird impact on a blade using SPH method.” [In Chinese] J. Vib. Shock 27 (9): 90–93.
Liu, J. M., X. H. Jiang, Y. L. Qin, and Y. R. Wang. 2010. “Numerical simulation of bird impact on solid-element hollow blades by using fluid-solid coupling method.” [In Chinese] J. Aerosp. Power 25 (10): 2211–2216.
Lucy, L. B. 1977. “A numerical approach to testing the fission hypothesis.” Astron. J. 82 (12): 1013–1024. https://doi.org/10.1086/112164.
McCarthy, M. A., J. R. Xiao, C. T. McCarthy, A. Kamoulakos, J. Ramos, J. P. Gallard, and V. Melito. 2004. “Modelling bird impacts on an aircraft wing. Part 2: Modelling the impact with an SPH bird model.” Appl. Compos. Mater. 11 (5): 317–340. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ACMA.0000037134.93410.c0.
Meguid, S. A., R. H. Mao, and T. Y. Ng. 2008. “FE analysis of geometry effects of an artificial bird striking an aero-engine fan blade.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 35 (6): 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.04.008.
Nimmer, R. P., and L. Boehman. 1981. “Transient, nonlinear response analysis of soft bodies impact on flat plates include interactive load determination.” In Proc., 22nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS SDM Conf., 507–516. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Robert, S. B. 1983. Structural element and real blade impact testing. Dayton, OH: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
Siddens, A., and J. Bayandor. 2012. “Soft impact crashworthiness analysis for a jet engine forward section.” In Proc., 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Sinha, S. K., and S. Dorbala. 2009. “Dynamic loads in the fan containment structure of a turbofan engine.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 22 (3): 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(260).
Vignjevic, R., M. Orlowski, T. D. Vuyst, and J. C. Campbell. 2013. “A parametric study of bird strike on engine blades.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 60: 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.04.003.
Vignjevic, R., J. Reveles, and A. Lukyanof. 2005. “Analysis of compressor blade behavior under bird impact.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering, 1–14. Barcelona, Spain: CIMNE.
Wilbeck, J. S., and J. P. Barber. 1978. “Bird impact loading.” Shock Vib. Bull. 48 (Part 2): 115–122.
Wilbeck, J. S., and J. L. Rand. 1981. “The development of a substitute bird model.” In Proc., Gas Turbine Conf. and Products Show. New York: ASME.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 4 • July 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 4, 2017
Accepted: Dec 14, 2018
Published online: Apr 29, 2019
Published in print: Jul 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Sep 29, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.