Seismic Design of Cross-Laminated Timber Platform Buildings Using a Coupled Shearwall Concept
Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 3
Abstract
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood material that was introduced in the last decade as a promising candidate for building wood structures higher than 10 stories. Thus far, a handful of tall residential CLT buildings have been built in low seismic regions around the world. Previous full-scale seismic shaking table tests of multistory CLT buildings revealed that this system is susceptible to overturning damage as a result of lateral seismic loads. To effectively resist overturning, a new floor connection detail was proposed to engage CLT floor panels as coupling elements for CLT shearwall stacks in the building floor plan. This approach is fundamentally different from traditional isolated shearwall stack design methods used in multistory light-framed wood buildings. The proposed method was illustrated through the seismic design of a 12-story CLT building located in Los Angeles, California, which was then subjected to the design equivalent lateral force to evaluate the conservativeness in the proposed simplified calculation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors greatly appreciate the constructive comments provided on the design process from Phil Line for the American Wood Council, Scott Breneman from Wood Works, and Steven Pryor from Simpson Strong-Tie.
References
ASCE. (2010). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” ASCE7-10, Reston, VA.
Amini, M. O., van de Lindt, J. W., Pei, S., Rammer, D., Line, P., and Popovski, M. (2014). “Overview of a project to quantify seismic performance factors for cross laminated timber structures in the United States.” Materials and joints in timber structures, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 531–541.
AxisVM [Computer software]. InterCAD, Budapest, Hungary.
BSLC (Forestry Innovation Investment, Binational Softwood Lumber Council). (2014). “Summary report: Survey of international tall wood buildings.” ⟨http://www.rethinkwood.com/sites/default/files/Tall%20Wood/Survey%20Tall%20Wood_REPORT%20WITHOUT%20APPENDICES_web.pdf⟩ (Jun. 4, 2016).
Ceccotti, A., Sandhaas, C., Okabe, M., Yasumura, M., Minowa, C., and Kawai, N. (2013). “SOFIE project—3D shaking table test on a seven-story full-scale cross-laminated timber building.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(13), 2003–2021.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2004). “Design of structures for earthquake resistance—Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.” Eurocode 8, Brussels, Belgium.
Karacabeyli, E., and Douglas, B., eds. (2013). CLT handbook: Cross-laminated timber, FPInnovations, Pointe-Claire, Quèbec.
Lenon, C. (2015). “Design and behavior of a mid-rise cross-laminated timber building.” Master thesis, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.
Paulay, T., and Taylor, R. G. (1981). “Slab coupling of earthquake-resisting shearwalls.” ACI J. Proc., 78(2), 130–140.
Pei, S., van de Lindt, J., and Popovski, M. (2013). “Approximate R-factor for cross laminated timber walls in multi-story buildings.” J. Archit. Eng., 245–255.
Pei, S., et al. (2014). “Cross-laminated timber for seismic regions: Progress and challenges for research and implementation.” J. Struct. Eng., E2514001.
Reynolds, T., Casagrande, D., and Tomasi, R. (2016). “Comparison of multi-storey cross-laminated timber and timber frame buildings by in situ modal analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater., 102(Part 2), 1009–1017.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., Kingsley, G. R., and Kürkchübasche, A. G. (1991). “Flexural coupling of topped hollow core plank floor systems in shear wall structures.” Structural Systems Research Project, Rep. No. SSRP-91/10, Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Simpson Strong-Tie. (2015). “Engineering Letter: Connectors for cross-laminated timber construction.” ⟨https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwirnJr7_KvTAhXky4MKHT3DBTQQFggiMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fembed.widencdn.net%2Fdownload%2Fssttoolbox%2F93med1syfn%2FL-C-CLTCNCTRS17.pdf%3Fu%3Dcjmyin&usg=AFQjCNFAAjXmOKhmVSB-92q7_MRv7Y_0AA⟩ (Jun. 4, 2016).
Spickler, K., Closen, M., Line, P., and Pohll, M. (2015). “Cross laminated timber: Horizontal diaphragm design example.” ⟨http://www.structurlam.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Structurlam-CrossLam-CLT-White-Paper-on-Diaphragms-SLP-Oct-2015.pdf⟩ (Jun. 4, 2016).
Sustersic, I., Fragiacomo, M., and Dujic, B. (2015). “Seismic analysis of cross-laminated multistory timber buildings using code-prescribed methods: Influence of panel size, connection ductility, and schematization.” J. Struct. Eng., E4015012.
Thompson, H. (2009). A process revealed, Murray & Sorrell, London.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 23 • Issue 3 • September 2017
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 24, 2016
Accepted: Feb 7, 2017
Published online: Apr 20, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Sep 20, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.