Full-Scale Testing of a Precast Concrete Supertile Roofing System for Hurricane Damage Mitigation
Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 3
Abstract
High wind-induced suctions cause significant damage in traditional roofing systems, leading to subsequent rain intrusion and loss of interior contents. Damages include, among others, failure of tiles or shingles and in many roofing systems are related to workmanship-related issues, such as inadequate spacing of nails or poor application of foam adhesive. This paper proposes a new composite roofing system, which consists of large precast concrete structural panels designed to replicate the architectural shape of high-profile roof tiles. The system allows the components and cladding (C&C), usually placed onto the structure, to be incorporated into the main wind force resisting system (MWFRS). The roofing panels, therefore, serve both as a structural system and as an architecturally pleasing building envelope. As a first step toward the full development of the proposed system, full-scale tests were performed to evaluate its system-level structural performance, including its connections. The results are used to predict the system’s strength and serviceability capabilities. Tests under a combination of loading scenarios simulating high wind-induced pressures indicated that the structure performed well under extreme wind-induced loading. The test results were used to develop tables containing design data for the new roofing system for buildings located in various geographical regions. In addition, a preliminary cost estimate was performed. The paper lists recommendations for future research, including testing of the proposed system aimed at developing and assessing the system’s performance under wind-driven rain, its energy efficiency, and its noise-reduction properties; performing detailed and comprehensive cost estimates; and exploring the potential of alternative roof shapes and configurations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Support for this study was provided by the Center of Excellence in Hurricane Damage Mitigation and Product Development at Florida International University (FIU) International Hurricane Research Center. All experiments were conducted at the Titan America Structures and Construction Testing Laboratory at FIU. The authors thank Juan Cesin and Andres Urrego for assisting with the tests, and Dr. Emil Simiu for helpful comments and input. The opinions expressed are those of the authors’ alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
References
ASCE. (2010). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” ASCE 7–10, Reston, VA.
Ayscue, J. (1996). “Hurricane damage to residential structures: Risk and mitigation.” Natural Hazards Research Working Paper #94, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore.
Bitsuamlak, G. T., Chowdhury, A. G., and Sambare, D. (2009). “Application of a full-scale testing facility for assessing wind-driven-rain intrusion.” Build. Environ., 44(12), 2430–2441.
Bright, R. (2010). “NWS Charleston, SC-Hurricane Hugo.” National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD.
Briscoe, C. R., Mantell, S. C., Davidson, J. H., and Okazaki, T. (2010). “Design procedure for web core sandwich panels for residential roofs.” J. Sandwich Struct. Mater., 13(1), 23–58.
Cheng, J. (2004). “Testing and analysis of the toe-nailed connection in the residential roof-to-wall system.” For. Prod. J., 54(4), 58–65.
Chomarat (2010). “Technical data sheet—C50-1.8 × 1.6.” 〈http://www.chomarat.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/C50-1.8x1.6.pdf〉.
Chowdhury, A. G., Canino, I., Mirmiran, A., Suksawang, N., and Baheru, T. (2013). “Wind-loading effects on roof-to-wall connections of timber residential buildings.” J. Eng. Mech., 386–395.
Cook, R. (1991). “Lessons learned by a roof consultant.” Hurricane Hugo One Year Later, Proc. of a Symp. and Public Forum, B. L. Sill and P. R. Sparks, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 144–152.
Datin, P., Prevatt, D., and Pang, W. (2011). “Wind-uplift capacity of residential wood roof-sheathing panels retrofitted with insulating foam adhesive.” J. Archit. Eng., 144–154.
Ellingwood, B., Galambos, T. V., MacGregor, J. J., and Cornell, C. A. (1980). “Development of a probability based criterion for American National Standard A58–Building code requirements for minimum design loads in buildings and other structures.” NBS Special Publication 577, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
FEMA. (1992). “Building performance: Hurricane Andrew in Florida.” Washington, DC.
FBC (Florida Building Code). (2010). “Chapter 15: Roof assemblies and rooftop structures.” Florida Code. 15.1, Tallahassee, FL.
Gurley, K., and Masters, F. (2011). “Post-2004 hurricane field survey of residential building performance.” Nat. Hazards Rev., 177–183.
Hamid, S., Pinelli, J. P., Chen, S. C., and Gurley, K. (2011). “Catastrophe model based assessment of hurricane risk and estimates of potential insured losses for the State of Florida.” Nat. Hazards Rev., 171–183.
IBHS (Institute for Business and Home Safety). (IBHS). (2004). “Hurricane Charley: Nature’s force vs. structural strength, Charlotte County, Florida, August 13, 2004.” Tampa, FL.
Li, R. (2012). “Effects of architectural features of air-permeable roof cladding materials on wind-induced uplift loading.” Doctoral dissertation, Florida International Univ., Miami.
Manning, B. R., and Nichols G.G. (1991). “Hugo lessons learned.” Hurricane Hugo one year later, B. A. Sill, Sparks, P. R., eds., ASCE, Reston, VA.
Marshall Composite Systems. (1999). “C-bar—Product guide specification.” 〈http://www.marshallcomposite.com/c_bar_specs.pdf〉.
MDC-BCCO (Miami-Dade County Building Code Compliance Office). (2006). “Post hurricane Wilma progress assessment.” Miami, 1–22.
Mintz, B. (2014). “Development of a precast concrete supertile roofing system for the mitigation of extreme wind events.” Dissertation, Florida International Univ., Miami.
NAHB (National Association of Home Builders). (1993). “Assessment of damage to single-family homes caused by hurricane Andrew and Iniki.” NAHB Research Center Rep., Washington, DC.
Simiu, E. (2011) Design of buildings for wind, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.
Taylor, H. (2014) “Cost of constructing a home.” National Association of Home Builders, Washington, DC. 〈http://www.nahbclassic.org/fileUpload_details.aspx?contentTypeID=3&contentID=221388&subContentID=554381&channelID=311〉.
USNRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). (2007). Regulatory guide 1.76, design basis tornado and tornado missiles for nuclear power plants, revision 1, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Washington, DC.
van de Lindt, J. W., and Dao, T. N. (2010). “Construction quality issues in performance-based wind engineering: Effect of missing fasteners.” Wind Struct., 13(3), 221–234.
Wight, J. K., and MacGregor, J. G. (2008) Reinforced concrete: Mechanics and design, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 22 • Issue 3 • September 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 6, 2015
Accepted: Dec 10, 2015
Published online: Feb 24, 2016
Discussion open until: Jul 24, 2016
Published in print: Sep 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.