Seismic Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Frame Interior Beam-Column Joints with FRP Composites
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 12, Issue 4
Abstract
An experimental research program is described regarding the use of externally applied carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) jackets for seismic rehabilitation of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints, which were designed for gravity loads. The joints had steel reinforcement details that are known to be inadequate by current seismic codes in terms of joint shear capacity due to the absence of transverse steel hoops and bond capacity of beam bottom steel reinforcing bars at the joint. Lap splicing of beam bottom steel reinforcement at the joint using externally applied longitudinal CFRP composite laminates is investigated. Improvement of joint shear capacity using diagonal CFRP composite laminates is another strengthening scheme employed. Concrete crack widths for the as-built specimens and the extent of CFRP delamination for the rehabilitated specimens at various drift ratios are reported. The test results indicate that CFRP jackets are an effective rehabilitation measure for improving the seismic performance of existing beam-column joints with inadequate seismic details in terms of increased joint shear strength and inelastic rotation capacity. In addition, CFRP laminates are effective rehabilitation measures for overcoming problems associated with beam bottom steel bars that have inadequate embedment into the beam-column joints.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers acknowledge financial support from the Idaho National Laboratory and the assistance of William D. Richins and Thomas K. Larson. In addition, they acknowledge contributions from Edge Structural Composites, Sika Corporation, and Master Builders Inc.
References
Adin, M. A., Yankelevsky, D. Z., and Farhey, D. N. (1993). “Cyclic behavior of epoxy-repaired reinforced concrete beam-column joints.” ACI Struct. J., 90(2), 170–179.
Alcocer, S. M., and Jirsa, J. O. (1993). “Strength of reinforced concrete frame connections rehabilitated by jacketing.” ACI Struct. J., 90(3), 249–261.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1963). “Building code requirements for structural concrete.” ACI Committee 318, Detroit.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2002a). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures.” ACI 440, Farmington Hills, Mich.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2002b). “Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures.” Joint ACI–ASCE Committee 352, ACI 352R-02, Farmington Hills, Mich.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2005). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI Committee 318, Farmington Hills, Mich.
Antonopoulos, C. P., and Triantafillou, T. C. (2003). “Experimental investigation of FRP-strengthened RC beam-column joints.” J. Compos. Constr., 7(1), 39–49.
ASCE. (2007). “Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings.” ASCE/SEI 41-06, Reston, Va.
ASTM. (1996). “Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials.” ASTM D3039/D3039 M-95a, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Beres, A., El-Borgi, S., White, R. N., and Gergely, P. (1992). “Experimental results of repaired and retrofitted beam-column joint tests in lightly reinforced concrete frame buildings.” Technical Rep. No. NCEER-92-0025, SUNY/Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.
Biddah, A., Ghobarah, A., and Aziz, T. S. (1997). “Upgrading of nonductile reinforced concrete frame connections.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(8), 1001–1010.
Bracci, J. M., Reinhorn, A. M., and Mander, J. B. (1995). “Seismic resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures designed for gravity loads: Performance of structural model.” ACI Struct. J., 92(5), 597–609.
Clyde, C., and Pantelides, C. P. (2002). “Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of R/C exterior building joints.” Proc., 7th U.S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (CD-ROM), Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, Calif.
Corazao, M., and Durrani, A. J. (1989). “Repair and strengthening of beam-to-column connections subjected to earthquake loading.” Technical Rep. No. NCEER-89-0013, SUNY/Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). (1999a). “The Athens, Greece earthquake of September 7, 1999.” EERI Special Earthquake Rep., http://www.eeri.org/lfe/greece_athems.html . (May 28, 2008)
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). (1999b). “The Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake of September 21, 1999.” EERI Special Earthquake Rep., http://www.eeri.org/lfe/taiwan_chi_chi.html (May 28, 2008).
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). (1999c). “The Tehuacan, Mexico, earthquake of June 15, 1999.” EERI Special Earthquake Rep., http://www.eeri.org/lfe/mexico_tehuacan.html (May 28, 2008).
Gergely, I., Pantelides, C. P., and Reaveley, L. D. (2000). “Shear strengthening of R/C T-joints using CFRP composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 4(2), 56–64.
Ghobarah, A., and El-Amoury, T. (2005). “Seismic rehabilitation of deficient exterior concrete frame joints.” J. Compos. Constr., 9(5), 408–416.
Ghobarah, A., and Said, A. (2002). “Shear strengthening of beam-column joints.” Eng. Struct., 24(7), 881–888.
Hakuto, S., Park, R., and Tanaka, H. (2000). “Seismic load tests on interior and exterior beam-column joints with substandard reinforcing details.” ACI Struct. J., 97(1), 11–25.
Mazzoni, S., Moehle, J. P., and Thewalt, C. R. (1991). “Cyclic response of RC beam-column knee joints.” Rep. No. UCB/EERC-91/14, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Moehle, J. P., and Mahin, S. A. (1991). “Observations on the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes.” Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Structures Inelastic Response and Design SP-127, S. K. Ghosh, ed., American Concrete Institute, Detroit.
Mosallam, A. S. (2000). “Strength and ductility of reinforced concrete moment frame connections strengthened with quasi-isotropic laminates.” Composites, Part B, 31(6-7), 481–497.
Pampanin, S., Bolognini, D., and Pavese, A. (2007). “Performance-based seismic retrofit strategy for existing reinforced concrete frame systems using fiber-reinforced polymer composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 11(2), 211–226.
Pantelides, C. P., Duffin, J. B., and Reaveley, L. D. (2007). “Seismic strengthening of reinforced-concrete multicolumn bridge piers.” Earthquake Spectra, 23(3), 635–664.
Pantelides, C. P., Gergely, I., Reaveley, L. D., and Volnyy, V. A. (1999). “Retrofit of R/C bridge pier with CFRP advanced composites.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(10), 1094–1099.
Pantelides, C. P., and Gergely, J. (2002). “Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer seismic retrofit of RC bridge bent: Design and in situ validation.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(1), 52–60.
Pantelides, C. P., Gergely, J., and Reaveley, L. D. (2001). “In-situ verification of rehabilitation and repair of reinforced concrete bridge bents under simulated seismic loads.” Earthquake Spectra, 17(3), 507–530.
Pantelides, C. P., Hansen, J., Nadauld, J., and Reaveley, L. D. (2002). “Assessment of reinforced concrete building exterior joints with substandard details.” PEER Rep. No. 2002/18, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Pantelides, C. P., Volnyy, V. A., Gergely, J., and Reaveley, L. D. (2003). “Seismic retrofit of precast concrete panel connections with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites.” PCI J., 48(1), 92–104.
Park, R., and Paulay, T. (1975). Reinforced concrete structures, Wiley, New York.
Prota, A., Nanni, A., Manfredi, G., and Cosenza, E. (2004). “Selective upgrade of under-designed reinforced beam-column joints using carbon fiber-reinforced concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 101(5), 699–707.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., Hegemier, G., and Innamorato, D. (1997). “Seismic retrofit of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 1(2), 52–62.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 12 • Issue 4 • August 2008
Pages: 435 - 445
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 19, 2007
Accepted: Oct 8, 2007
Published online: Aug 1, 2008
Published in print: Aug 2008
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.