Development of a Specification for Bridge Seismic Retrofit with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 8, Issue 1
Abstract
The U.S. Interstate 80 bridge over State Street in Salt Lake City is very near the Wasatch fault, which is active and capable of producing large earthquakes. The bridge was designed and built in 1965 according to the 1961 American Association of State Highway Officials specifications, which did not consider earthquake-induced forces or displacements. The bridge consists of reinforced concrete bents supporting steel plate welded girders. The bents are supported on cast-in-place concrete piles and pile caps. A seismic retrofit design was developed using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, which was implemented in the summer of 2000 and the summer of 2001, to improve the displacement ductility of the bridge. The seismic retrofit included column jacketing, as well as wrapping of the bent cap and bent cap-column joints for confinement, flexural, and shear strength increase. This paper describes the specifications developed for the CFRP composite column jackets and composite bent wrap. The specifications included provisions for materials, constructed thickness based on strength capacity, and an environmental durability reduction factor. Surface preparation, finish coat requirements, quality assurance provisions, which included sampling and testing, and constructability issues regarding the application of fiber composite materials in the retrofit of concrete bridges are also described.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1996). “State-of-the-art report on fiber reinforced plastic reinforcement for concrete structures.” Rep., ACI Committee 440, Detroit.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2000). “State-of-the-art report on fiber-reinforced plastic reinforcement for concrete structures.” Rep., ACI Committee 440, Detroit.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2002). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for stengthening concrete structures.” Rep. ACI 440.2R-02, Farmington Hills, Mich.
Bakht, B., Al-Bazi, G., Banthia, N., Cheung, M., Erki, M. A., Faoro, M., Machida, A., Mufti, A. A., Neale, K. W., and Tadros, G.(2000). “Canadian bridge design code provisions for fiber-reinforced structures.” J. Compos. Constr., 4(1), 3–15.
Clarke, J. L., O’Regan, D. P., and Thirugnanendran, C. (1996). “EUROCRETE project: Modification of design rules to incorporate non-ferrous reinforcement.” EUROCRETE Project Rep., Sir William Halcrow & Partners, London.
Gamble, W. L., and Hawkins, N. M. (1996). “Seismic retrofitting of bridge pier columns.” Proc., Structures Congress XIV, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1, 16–23.
Gergely, I., Pantelides, C. P., Nuismer, R. J., and Reaveley, L. D.(1998). “Bridge pier retrofit using fiber-reinforced plastic composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 2(4), 165–174.
International Conference of Building Officials Evaluation Service (ICBO). (2001). “Acceptance criteria for concrete and reinforced and unreinforced masonry strengthening using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems.” ICBO Rep. No. AC125, Whittier, Calif.
Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE). (1997). “Recommendations for design and construction of concrete structures using continuous fiber reinforcing materials.” Concrete Engineering Series 23, A. Machida, ed., Tokyo, Japan.
Katsuki, F., and Uomoto, T. (1995). “Prediction of deterioration of FRP rods due to alkali attack.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Nonmetallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-2), E&FN Spon, London, 82–89.
Pantelides, C. P., Alameddine, F., Sardo, T., Okahashi, Y., and Moran, D. (2001a). “Seismic rehabilitation of State Street bridge.” Proc., 9th Int. Conf. and Exhibition, Structural Faults and Repair, Engineering Technics Press, Edinburgh, U.K.
Pantelides, C. P., Duffin, J. B., Ward, J., Delahunty, C., and Reaveley, L. D. (2002). “In-situ tests at South Temple bridge on Interstate 15.” Proc., 7th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, EL Cerrito, Calif.
Pantelides, C. P., Gergely, J., and Reaveley, L. D.(2001b). “In-situ verification of rehabilitation and repair of reinforced concrete bridge bents under simulated seismic loads.” Earthquake Spectra, 17(3), 507–530.
Pantelides, C. P., Gergely, J., Reaveley, L. D., and Volnyy, V. A.(1999). “Retrofit of RC bridge pier with CFRP advanced composites.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(10), 1094–1099.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Calvi, G. M. (1996). Seismic design and retrofit of bridges, Wiley, New York.
Seible, F., Hegemier, G., Policelli, F., Karbhari, V., Randolph, R., and Belknap, F. (1995). “Earthquake retrofit of bridge columns with continuous carbon fiber jacket.” Advanced Composite Technology Transfer Consortium/Bridge Infrastructure Renewal, Rep. No. ACTT-95/07, DARPA, Univ. of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif., I–IV.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., Hegemier, G., and Innamorato, D.(1997). “Seismic retrofit of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 1(2), 52–62.
Tannous, F. E. (1997). “Durability of non-metallic reinforcing bars and prestressing tendons.” PhD dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
Toutanji, H. A., and El-Korchi, T.(1999). “Tensile durability of cement-based FRP composite wrapped specimens.” J. Compos. Constr., 3(1), 38–45.
Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT). (1999). “Supplemental specifications—Special provisions.” Rep., I-80 Bridge Rehabilitation, Project No. IM-80-3(126)123, Salt Lake City, Utah, Section 525S, 121–143, Section 526S.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 8 • Issue 1 • February 2004
Pages: 88 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 3, 2002
Accepted: Jan 24, 2003
Published online: Jan 16, 2004
Published in print: Feb 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.