Strengthening of Masonry Walls against Out-of-Plane Loads Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 8, Issue 1
Abstract
Thirty masonry walls strengthened using three different fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems, with three anchorage methods, were fabricated and tested under a concentrated load over a 100 mm square area or a patch load over a 500 mm square area. The test results indicated a significant increase in the out-of-plane wall strength over the unstrengthened wall. While failure occurred in the unstrengthened wall by bending, four different modes of failure, that is, punching shear through the bricks, debonding of FRP reinforcement from the masonry substrate, crushing of brick in compression, and tensile rupture of the FRP reinforcement, were observed in the strengthened walls, depending on the types and configurations of FRP and anchorage systems. With appropriate surface preparation and anchorage systems, premature failure due to FRP debonding is prevented. Based on the principles of strain compatibility and force equilibrium, simple analytical models are presented to predict the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the strengthened walls. The test results compared well with the analytical predictions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Albert, M. L., Elwi, A. E., and Cheng, J. J. R. (2001). “Strengthening of unreinforced masonry walls using FRPs.” J. Compos. Constr., 5(2), 76–84.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1999). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318, Detroit.
Bisby, L. A., and Green, M. F. (2000). “FRP plates and sheets bonded to reinforced concrete beams.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, J. Humar and A. G. Razaqpur, eds., Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Ottawa, 209–216.
Bizindavyi, L., and Neale, K. W.(1999). “Transfer lengths and bond strengths for composites bonded to concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 3(4), 153–160.
British Standards Institution (BSI). (1997). “Structural use of concrete, Parts 1–3.” BS8110, London.
Ehsani, M. R. (1995). “Strengthening of earthquake damaged masonry structures with composite materials.” Non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures, L, Taerwe, ed., RILEM, E&FN Spon, London, 681–687.
Ehsani, M. R., and Saadatmanesh, H.(1997). “Shear behavior of URM retrofitted with FRP overlays.” J. Compos. Constr., 1(1), 17–25.
Gilstrap, J. M., and Dolan, C. W.(1998). “Out-of-plane bending of FRP reinforced masonry walls.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 58, 1277–1284.
Hendry, A. W. (1998). Structural masonry, 2nd Ed., Macmillan, London, 16–50, 181–190.
Hull, D., and Clyne, T. W. (1996). An introduction to composite materials, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Kaiser, H. (1989). “Bewehren von stahlbeton mit kohlenstoffserverstarkten epoxiharzen.” PhD thesis, ETH No. 8918, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
Kamel, A. S., Elwi, A. E., and Cheng, J. J. R. (2000). “Experimental study on the behavior of CFRP sheets bonded to concrete.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, J. Humar and A. G. Razaqpur, eds., Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Ottawa, 61–68.
Saadatmanesh, H.(1994). “Fiber composites for new and existing structures.” ACI Struct. J., 91(3), 346–354.
Saadatmanesh, H.(1997). “Extending service life of concrete and masonry structures with fiber composites.” Const. Build. Mat., 11(5-6), 327–335.
Triantafillou, T. C.(1998). “Strengthening of masonry structures using epoxy-bonded FRP laminates.” J. Compos. Constr., 2(2), 96–104.
Velazquez-Dimas, J., and Ehsani, M. R.(2000). “Modeling out-of-plane behavior of URM walls retrofitted with fiber composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 4(4), 172–181.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 8 • Issue 1 • February 2004
Pages: 79 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 19, 2002
Accepted: Sep 3, 2002
Published online: Jan 16, 2004
Published in print: Feb 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.