Sonochemical Treatment of Wastewater Effluent for the Removal of Pathogenic Protozoa Exemplified by Cryptosporidium
Publication: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 11, Issue 2
Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for potable water, reuse and reclamation projects must be developed and implemented to augment water sources. The reuse of treated wastewater could provide a significant portion of the demand for clean water. Although there are many issues concerning the quality and safety of wastewater before it can be reused, the major technical concerns are how to deal with microbial and chemical contamination. Pathogenic organisms such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia pose a potential threat to public health. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts can withstand many typical disinfection processes, particularly chlorine-based systems. Typically, the chlorine dose can be increased to eliminate the pathogens, but there is a trade-off in treatment strategies. Eliminating the biological contaminants with large doses of chlorine brings about the disinfectant by-product (DBP) problem, while minimizing the DBP formation requires reduced rates of chlorine, leading to a larger population of potentially dangerous microorganisms, e.g., Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The goal of this research was to assess ultrasonic technology for the treatment of wastewaters for possible reuse. As ultrasonic waves travel through a liquid medium, hydroxyl radicals/are produced . is a powerful oxidation agent that can react with a wide spectrum of soluble organic chemicals and can also render bacteria and protozoan pathogens inactive. Additionally, the extreme temperatures and pressures, along with the shock wave caused during cavitation bubble collapse, can exert great forces on the pathogens and cause impairment. Various factors that may affect the efficiency of the inactivation of Cryptosporidium such as initial microbial density, pH, temperature, and energy intensity were assessed. It was demonstrated that the ultrasonic process is an effective disinfection technology.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the Bureau of Reclamation, DOI (Project Manager: Bob Juneko). Mention of processes does not imply endorsement by the funding agency.
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Information
Published In
Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 11 • Issue 2 • April 2007
Pages: 114 - 122
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 14, 2006
Accepted: Jun 29, 2006
Published online: Apr 1, 2007
Published in print: Apr 2007
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