Objective Site Characterization Using Clustering of Piezocone Data
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 128, Issue 12
Abstract
Cluster analysis is a statistical method for grouping similar mathematical data sets and is used herein for delineating geostratigraphy from piezocone penetration test data. In terms of site characterization, clustering is an improvement over other statistical methods because no preliminary estimation of the inherent groups within the analyzed data is needed, and no overlapping is permitted between identified clusters. Clustering can accommodate single or multivariables and no data filtering is required. Its application to defining stratigraphic interfaces is illustrated using five case studies with layered profiles. Clustering is able to detect major changes within the stratigraphy not apparent by visually examining the trends of piezocone data or by available cone soil classification methods.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Amundsen, T., et al. (1985). “Advanced deep-water soil investigation at the Troll East Field.” Proc., Int. Conf., Offshore Site Investigation, Society for Underwater Technology, London, 3, 165–186.
Coutinho, R. Q., and Oliveira, J. T. R. (1997). “Geotechnical characterization of a Recife soft clay-laboratory and in-situ tests.” Proc., XIVth Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Hamburg, Vol. 1, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 69–72.
Everitt, B. (1974). Cluster analysis, Halsted–Wiley, New York.
Hartigan, J. A. (1996). “Introduction.” Clusters and classification, P. Arabie, L. J. Hubert, and G. De Soete, eds., World Scientific, N.J., 1–3.
Hegazy, Y. A. (1998). “Delineating geostratigraphy by cluster analysis of piezocone data.” PhD thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta.
Hegazy, Y. A., Mayne, P. W., and Rouhani, S. (1997). “Three dimensional geostatistical evaluation of seismic piezocone data.” Proc., XIVth Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Hamburg, Vol. 1, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 683–686.
Lally, M. J. (1993). “A field and laboratory investigation of geotechnical properties for design of a seasonal heat storage facility.” MSc thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.
Lunne, T., Robertson, P. K., and Powell, J. J. M. (1997). Cone penetration testing in geotechnical practice, Blackie Academic and Professional, Chapman and Hall, London.
Lunne, T., et al. (1986). “Laboratory and field evaluation of cone penetrometers. Use of in situ tests in geotechnical engineering, Blacksburg.” (Proc., In Situ ’86) Geotechnical Spec. Publ. No. 6, American Society of Civil Engineering, New York, 714–729.
Lutenegger, A. J. (1995). “Geotechnical behavior of overconsolidated surficial clay crusts.” Transportation Research Record No. 1479, National Academy, Washington, D.C., 61–74.
Milligan, G. W.(1980). “An examination of the effect of six types of error perturbation on fifteen clustering algorithms.” Psychometrika, 45, 325–342.
Milligan, G. W. (1996). Clustering validation: Results and implications for applied analyses. Clusters and Classification, P. Arabie, L. J. Hubert, and G. De Soete, eds., World Scientific, N.J., 341–375.
Milligan, G. W., and Cooper, M. C.(1988). “A study of variable standardization.” J. Classification, 5, 181–204.
Norusis, M. J. (1988). The SPSS guide to data analysis for SPSS Inc., Chicago, 402.
Robertson, P. K. (1982). In-situ testing of soil with emphasis on its application to liquefaction assessment. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouner, B.C.
Robertson, P. K.(1991). “Soil classification using the cone penetration test.” Can. Geotech. J., 28(1), 176–178.
Robertson, P. K., et al. (1986). “Use of piezometer cone data. Use of in situ tests in geotechnical engineering, Blacksburg.” (Proc., In Situ ’86) Geotechnical Spec. Publ. No. 6, American Society of Civil Engineering, New York, 1263–1280.
Romesburg, H. C. (1984). Cluster analysis for researchers, Wadsworth–Lifetime Learning, Belmont, Calif.
Sandven, R. (1990). “Strength and deformation properties of fine grained soils obtained from piezocone tests.” PhD thesis, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Schmertmann, J. H. (1978). “Guidelines for cone penetration test, performance and design.” Rep. No. TS-78-209, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
Sibson, R.(1972). “Order invariant methods for data analysis.” J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B. Methodol., 34, 311–349.
Tanaka, H. (1995). “National report—The current state of CPT in Japan.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Cone Penetration Testing, CPT ’95, Swedish Geotechnical Society, Linköping, Sweden, Vol. 1, 115–124.
Treadwell, D. D. (1976). “The influence of gravity, prestress, compressibility and layering on soil resistance to static penetration.” Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Vivitrat, V. (1978). “Cone penetration in clays.” Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
Wroth, C. P.(1984). “The interpretation of in situ soil test.” 24th Rankine Lecture, Geotechnique, 34(4), 449–489.
Wroth, C. P. (1988). “Penetration testing—A more rigorous approach to interpretation.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Penetration Testing (ISOPT-1), Orlando, Vol. 1, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 303–311.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 30, 2001
Accepted: Mar 20, 2002
Published online: Nov 15, 2002
Published in print: Dec 2002
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.