Surface Thermodynamics and Some Engineering Properties of an Organo-Clay
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 6
Abstract
Organo-clay minerals, in which surface inorganic cations have been exchanged by various organic ammonium cations, have the ability to adsorb many organic compounds. Organo-clays are of interest as potential substrates for the decontamination of sites containing organic fluids and as a barrier for plumes of organic contaminants. A factor that has not been examined in detail is the possible change in the fabric of a clay when converted to an organo-clay. A theoretical analysis of the interparticle forces, based on electrostatic and surface thermodynamic theory, indicates that the conversion of a normally hydrophilic swelling clay to an organo-clay should radically alter these forces, resulting in a change in fabric. To examine this, a smectite clay was converted to an organo-clay by treating it with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) cations. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a dramatic change in soil fabric, from an initial dense plate-like fabric to a more open granular fabric for the organo-clay. The granular fabric resulted in a rapid initial consolidation of the organo-clay and exhibited a much larger permeability, with water as the permeating fluid, than the unmodified clay. The permeability of the organo-clay decreases significantly when organic fluids are used as permeants.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 123 • Issue 6 • June 1997
Pages: 580 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1997
Published in print: Jun 1997
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