Bidirectional Pseudodynamic Tests of Bridge Piers Designed to Different Standards
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 12, Issue 3
Abstract
Circular reinforced concrete highway bridge piers, designed in accordance with the requirements of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in the U.S., New Zealand, and Japanese specifications, are experimentally investigated to assess their seismic performance. Pseudodynamic test procedures are developed to perform experiments on 30% scaled models of the three prototype bridge piers. Each specimen is subjected to a sequence of three different earthquake ground motions scaled appropriately to represent: (1) the design basis earthquake (DBE) with a 90% nonexceedance probability; (2) the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) with a 50% nonexceedance probability; and (3) the MCE with a 90% nonexceedance probability. Damage states after the earthquakes are assessed and mapped for seismic risk assessment. The damage outcomes and the corresponding seismic risks validate the objectives of the performance-based design codes of the three countries. The results show that when bridge piers are designed to the specifications of each of the three countries, satisfactory performance with only slight to moderate damage can be expected for DBE. For the MCE, severe damage without collapse is likely for the Caltrans and Japanese piers. However, the NZ pier may not be able to survive MCE motions with sufficient reliability to ensure the preservation of life-safety.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bonelli, A., and Bursi, O. S. (2004). “Generalized- methods for seismic structural testing.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 33(10), 1067–1102.
Caltrans. (1994). Bridge design specifications, California Dept. of Transportation, Sacramento, Calif.
Colangelo, F. (2005). “Pseudo-dynamic seismic response of reinforced concrete frames infilled with non-structural brick masonry.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(10), 1219–1241.
Darby, A. P., Blakeborough, A., and Williams, M. S. (2001). “Improved control algorithm for real-time substructure testing.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(3), 431–448.
Dhakal, R. P., Mander, J. B., and Mashiko, N. (2006). “Identification of critical ground motions for seismic performance assessment of structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(8), 989–1008.
Dhakal, R. P., and Pan, T. C. (2003). “Characteristics of high-speed cyclic test of beam-column joints.” ACI Struct. J., 100(2), 188–196.
Hayakawa, R., Kawashima, K., and Watanabe, G. (2003). “Effect of bilateral loadings on the flexural strength and ductility of reinforced concrete bridge piers.” JSCE J. Earthquake Eng., 27, 1–4 (in Japanese).
JSCE. (1994). Standard specifications for concrete structures, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Tokyo.
Horiuchi, T., Inoue, M., Konno, T., and Namita, Y. (1999). “Real-time hybrid experiment system with actuator delay compensation and its application to a piping system with energy absorber.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 28(10), 1121–1141.
Mander, J. B., and Basoz, N. (1999). Enhancement of the highway transportation lifeline module in Hazus, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
Mander, J. B., Dhakal, R. P., and Mashiko, N. (2006). “Incremental dynamic analysis applied to seismic risk assessment of bridges.” Proc., 8th U.S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (CD-ROM), Paper No. 770, San Francisco.
Molina, F. J., Verzeletti, G., Magonette, G., Buchet, P., and Geradin, M. (1999). “Bidirectional pseudo-dynamic test of a full-size three-storey building.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 28(12), 1541–1566.
Molina, F. J., Sorase, S., Terenzi, G., Magonette, G., and Viaccoz, B. (2004). “Seismic tests on reinforced concrete and steel frames retrofitted with dissipative braces.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 33(15), 1373–1394.
Mosalam, K. M., White, R. N., and Ayala, G. (1998). “Response of infilled frames using pseudo-dynamic experimentation.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 27(6), 589–608.
Mutsuyoshi, H., Machida, A., Tanzo, W., and Mashiko, N. (1994). “Inelastic seismic response behaviour of RC bridge pier using pseudo-dynamic test method.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst., 16, 265–272.
Nakashima, M., and Masaoka, N. (1999). “Real-time on-line test for MDOF systems.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 28(4), 393–420.
Negro, P., and Verzeletti, G. (1996). “Effect of infills on the global behaviour of R/C frames: Energy considerations from pseudo-dynamic tests.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25(8), 753–773.
Standards New Zealand. (1995). Concrete structures standard: NZS3101:95, Wellington, New Zealand.
Pan, P., Tada, M., and Nakashima, M. (2005). “Online hybrid test by internet linkage of distributed test-analysis domains.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(11), 1407–1425.
Paultre, P., Proulx, J., Mousseau, S., Prevoust, T., and Savard, C. (2003). “Pseudo-dynamic and forced vibration tests of a full-size two-storey reinforced high-performance concrete building.” ACI Special Publication SP211-07, 211, 135–160.
Pinto, A. V., Pegon, P., Magonette, G., and Tsionis, G. (2004). “Pseudo-dynamic testing of bridges using non-linear substructuring.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 33(11), 1125–1146.
Takanashi, K., Udagawa, M., Seki, M., Okada, T., and Tanaka, H. (1975). “Nonlinear earthquake response analysis of structures by a computer-actuator on-line system.” Bulletin of Earthquake Resistant Structure Research Centre, Institute of Industrial Science, Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Tanabe, T. (1999). Comparative performance of seismic design codes for concrete structures, Elsevier, New York.
Vamvatsikos, D., and Cornell, C. A. (2004). “Applied incremental dynamic analysis.” Earthquake Spectra, 20(2), 523–553.
Zatar, W., and Mutsuyoshi, H. (2002). “Residual displacements of concrete bridge piers subjected to near field earthquakes.” ACI Struct. J., 99(6), 740–749.
Zhang, Y., Sause, R., Ricles, J. M., and Naito, C. J. (2005). “Modified predictor-corrector numerical scheme for real-time pseudo-dynamic tests using state-space formulation.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(3), 271–288.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 12 • Issue 3 • May 2007
Pages: 284 - 295
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Jan 9, 2006
Accepted: May 23, 2006
Published online: May 1, 2007
Published in print: May 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.