Low Velocity Impact Resistance of Laminated Architectural Glass
Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Recently developed finite element algorithms are used to study the effect of glass ply geometry on low velocity, small missile impact resistance of laminated architectural glass. The impacts studied are those typically found during severe windstorms, in which debris such as roof gravel can attain sufficient velocity to break windows in large high rise buildings. Outside ply fracture and interlayer debonding are both incorporated in the finite element analysis. It is shown that glass ply geometry can significantly affect the impact resistance of laminated glass. Three-layer laminates are shown to offer better impact resistance than five-layer and seven-layer laminates of the same overall thickness. For three-layer laminates of the same overall thickness, those with thin outside glass plies provide better impact resistance than those with thick ones.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Beason, W. L., Meyers, G. E., and James, R. W.(1984). “Hurricane related window glass damage in Houston.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 110(12), 2843–2857.
2.
Chaudhri, M. M., and Kurkjian, C. R.(1986). “Impact of small steel spheres on the surfaces of `normal' and `anomalous' glasses.”J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 69(5), 404–410.
3.
Chaudhri, M. M., and Walley, S. M.(1978). “Damage to glass surfaces by the impact of small glass and steel spheres.”Philosophical Mag. A, 37(2), 153–165.
4.
Chen, E. P., and Sih, G. C. (1977). Elastodynamic crack problems, G. C. Sih, Ed., Noordhoff International Publishing, Leyden, The Netherlands.
5.
Cook, R. F., and Pharr, G. M.(1990). “Direct observation and analysis of indentation cracking in glasses and ceramics.”J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 73(4), 787–817.
6.
Flocker, F. W., and Dharani, L. R.(1997a). “Modeling stress wave propagation in laminated glass subject to low velocity impact.”Engrg. Struct., 19(10), 851–856.
7.
Flocker, F. W., and Dharani, L. R.(1997b). “Modeling fracture in laminated architectural glass subject to low velocity impact.”J. Mat. Sci., 32, 2587–2594.
8.
Frank, F. C., and Lawn, B. R. (1967). “On the theory of Hertzian fracture.”Proc. Royal Soc., London, England, A299, 291–306.
9.
Freund, L. B.(1973). “Crack propagation in an elastic solid subjected to general loading—III. Stress wave loading.”J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 21, 47–61.
10.
Fung, Y. C. (1965). Foundations of Solid Mechanics. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
11.
Grady, D. (1985). “The mechanics of fracture under high-rate stress loading.”Mechanics of Geomaterials, Z. Baant, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chichester, 129–156.
12.
Hallquist, J. O. (1983). Theoretical manual for DYNA3D. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.
13.
Huntsberger, J. R.(1981). “Adhesion of plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) to glass.”J. Adhesion, 13, 107–129.
14.
Kaelble, D. H. (1959). “Theory and analysis of peel adhesion: mechanisms and mechanics.”Trans., Soc. Rheology, III, 161–180.
15.
Kaelble, D. H. (1960). “Theory and analysis of peel adhesion: bond stresses and distributions.”Trans., Soc. Rheology, IV, 45–73.
16.
Knight, C. G., Swain, M. V., and Chaudhri, M. M.(1977). “Impact of small steel spheres on glass surfaces.”J. Mat. Sci., 12, 1573–1586.
17.
Santhanam, S., and Shaw, M. C.(1990). “Determination of flaw-size distribution by the crack-off process.”J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 73(10), 2922–2925.
18.
Whirley, R. G., Englemann, B. E., and Halquist, J. O. (1992). “DYNA2D: A nonlinear, explicit, two-dimensional finite element code for solid mechanics.”Rep. No. UCRL-MA-110630, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • March 1998
Pages: 12 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1998
Published in print: Mar 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.