Seismic Assessment for Offshore Pipelines
Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 2, Issue 3
Abstract
An international consensus on seismic design criteria for onshore pipelines has been established during the last 30 years. The need to assess seismic design for offshore pipelines has not been similarly recognized. The geotechnical hazard for a pipeline routed across steep slopes and irregular terrains affected by earthquakes are discussed in this paper. The integrity of both natural and artificial load-bearing supports are assessed. The response of the pipeline to direct excitation from soil or through discontinuous, sparsely distributed natural or artificial supports are commented on. Some applications are given in order to point out topical aspects and major design issues for currently operating offshore pipelines crossing seismic active seabeds.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Albano, G., Lehrizi, M., and De Caro, R. (1992). “The TRANSMED: a technological milestone now under further expansion.”Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mech. and Arctic Engrg., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
2.
American Petroleum Institute (API). (1993). “API recommended practice for planning, designing and construction fixed offshore platforms.”API RP2A, 20th Ed., Dallas, Tex.
3.
Anselmi, A., and Bruschi, R. (1993). “North Sea pipelines: meeting the engineering challanges.”Pipeline Industry, (Jan.–Feb.).
4.
Bazzurro, P., Pelli, F., Manfredini, G. H., and Cornell, C. A. (1994). “Stability of sloping seabeds seismic damage analysis: methodology and application.”Proc., Strait Crossing Symp., J. Krokeborg, ed., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
5.
Bea, R. G., and Aurora, R. P. (1983). “Design of pipelines in mudslide areas.”J. Petr. Technol., (Nov.).
6.
Breivik, J., Bruschi, R., and Leopardi, G. (1995). “Troll Oljerør—a unique technical challenge.”Proc., Offshore Mediteranean Conf.
7.
Bruschi, R., Curti, G., and Tura, F. (1991). “Free span assessment: a review.”Proc., 1st Int. Offshore Polar Engrg. Conf., Int. Soc. of Offshore and Polar Engrs., Golden, Colo.
8.
Bruschi, R., Spinazzè, M., Tomassini, D., Cascuna, S., and Venzi, S. (1995). “Failure modes for pipelines in landslide areas.”Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on OMAE, Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
9.
Cornell, C. A.(1968). “Engineering seismic risk analysis.”Bull. Seismological Soc. of Am., 58, 1583–1606.
10.
Datta, T. K., and Meshaly, E. A. (1988). “Seismic response of suspended spans of submarine pipeline.”Proc., 7th Int. Conf. of OMAE, Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
11.
Diamantidis, D., Gudmestad, O. T., and Manfredini, G. M. (1992). “Probabilistic seismic design aspects for pipeline systems in the North Sea.”Seismic Engrg., PVP—Vol. 327-1.
12.
Guidelines of the seismic design of oil and gas pipelines systems. (1984). ASCE, New York, N.Y.
13.
Kiyomiya, O. (1983). “Stresses of pipelines during earthquakes.”Proc., Offshore Technology Conf. (OTC) 4456, Offshore Technol. Conf., Richardson, Tex.
14.
Mckeehan, D. (1995). “Oman India pipeline project—technological development.”Proc., Offshore Pipeline Technol. Conf.
15.
Nadim, F., and Gudmestad, O. T.(1990). “Reliability of an engineering system under a strong earthquake with application to offshore platforms.”Proc., 9th Eur. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., 2, 97–105.
16.
Nadim, F., Dahle, A., and Gudmestad, O. T.(1993). “Consistent treatment of uncertainties in earthquake hazard evaluation.”Proc., 2nd Eur. Conf. on Struct. Dynamics (EURODYN 1993), 1, 11–18.
17.
Newmark, N. M.(1965). “Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments.”Geotechnique, London, England, 15(2), 139–160.
18.
Norem, H., Locat, J., and Schielolrop, B. (1990). “An approach to the physics and modelling of submarine flow slides.”Marine Geotechnol., Vol. 9.
19.
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD). (1990). Guidelines to regulations relating to pipeline systems in the petroleum activities, Stavanger, Norway.
20.
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD). (1985). Regulations relating to loadbearing structures in the petroleum activities, Stavanger, Norway.
21.
Rahman, M. S. (1994). “Instability and movements of ocean floor sediments: a review.”Proc., 4th Int. Offshore and Polar Engrg. Conf., Int. Soc. of Offshore and Polar Engrs., Golden, Colo.
22.
Slemmons, D. B. (1977). “State-of-the-art for assessing earthquake hazards in the United States, report, faults and earthquake magnitude.”Rep., Mackay School of Mines, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nev.
23.
Sotberg, T., and Bruschi, R. (1992). “Future pipeline design philosophy—framework.”Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mech. and Artic Engrg., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
24.
Standards New Zealand (NZS). (1985). “Code of practice for high pressure gas and petroleum liquid pipelines.”5223, Part 1.
25.
St. John, C. M., and Zahrah, T. F. (1987). “A seismic design of underground tunnel.”Tunnelling and Underground Space Technol., 2(2).
26.
Tam, C. K. W. (1995). “The Gibraltar submarine gas pipelines: seabed intervention rationale.”Proc., Offshore Pipeline Technol. Conf.
27.
Toki, K., Fukumori, Y., Sako, M., and Tsubakimots, T. (1977). “Recommended practice for earthquakes resistent design of high pressure gas pipelines.”Earthquake Resistant Lifelines, PVD, Vol. 77-1.
28.
Tokimatsu, K., and Seed, H. B. (1987). “Evaluation of settlements in sand due to earthquake shaking.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 113(8).
29.
Trifunac, M. D. (1980). “Effects of site geology on amplitudes of strong motion.”Proc., 7th World Conf. on Earthquake.
30.
United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC). (1973). “Design response spectra for seismic design of nuclear power plants.”Regulatory guide 1.60, Washington, D.C.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1996
Published in print: Sep 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.