Composite Damage Models for Diffusivity of Distressed Materials
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 17, Issue 3
Abstract
A distressed material can be considered as a two-phase composite material with the distressed areas (volumes) as one phase and the original material as the other phase. A parallel diffusion model was developed in which the damaged phase and the original phase are arranged parallel to the direction of diffusion. The parallel model is associated with the isogradient principle in that the concentration gradients in the damaged phase and in the original phase are the same. A serial diffusion model was developed in which the two phases are arranged perpendicular to the direction of diffusion. The serial model is associated with the isoflux principle in that the fluxes in the two phases are the same. The two-phase composite models were further extended into general multiphase composite models to evaluate the effect of multilevel damage on the effective diffusivity of distressed materials. A principle of minimum complementary “chemical-flux energy” and a principle of minimum “potential chemical energy” were established similar to the commonly used principles of minimum complementary energy and minimum potential energy. Based on the two new minimum energy principles, it was shown that the parallel model is the lower bound and the serial model is the upper bound for effective diffusivity of distressed materials. Diffusivity of distressed concrete was used as an example. The experimental data agreed quite well with predictions of the theoretical models.
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Acknowledgments
Financial support under National Science Foundation Grant No. CMS-9872379 to the University of Colorado at Boulder is gratefully acknowledged. The second writer would like to acknowledge Kuwait University for all the defrayal and support received.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 17 • Issue 3 • June 2005
Pages: 286 - 295
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 6, 2004
Accepted: Aug 11, 2004
Published online: Jun 1, 2005
Published in print: Jun 2005
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Zdenek P. Bazant
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