Behavior of Hybrid-Fiber Engineered Cementitious Composites Subjected to Dynamic Tensile Loading and Projectile Impact
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 17, Issue 2
Abstract
The characteristics of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) subjected to dynamic tensile loading and high-velocity projectile impact have been investigated and are reported in this paper. Hybrid-fiber ECC containing a combination of high-modulus steel fibers and relatively low modulus polyethylene fibers was adopted to achieve a desired balance between the ultimate strength and the strain capacity of the material required for impact- and blast-resistant structures. Dynamic uniaxial tensile tests at varying strain rates of were carried out, and ECC was found to be able to provide much higher enhancement in tensile strength than plain concrete and still be able to maintain pronounced tensile strain-hardening behavior. At higher rates of strain, ECC showed multiple-cracking behavior, similar to that observed from quasi-static tests, with tight crack width of about . The results from high-velocity impact tests demonstrated the potential of ECC in providing improved functionality (compared with concrete) as a protective material in aspects such as increased shatter resistance with reduction in damage arising from scabbing, spalling, and energy absorption associated with distributed microcracking.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Research reported herein was supported by a grant (R-379-000-002-422) from the Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA), Singapore, through the Centre for Protective Technology, National University of Singapore. The assistance of Miss Lee Siew Chin in part of the work is appreciated.
References
Almansa, E. M., and Canovas, M. F. (1999). “Behavior of normal and steel fiber-reinforced concrete under impact of small projectiles.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(11), 1807–1814.
Anderson, W. F., Watson, A. J., and Kaminskyj, A. E. (1992). “The resistance of SIFCON to high velocity impact.” Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Structures under Shock and Impact II, P. S. Bulson, ed., Computational Mechanics, 89–98.
Army Corps of Engineers (ACE). (1946). “Fundamentals of protective design.” Report AT120 7821, Washington, D.C.
Banthia, N., Mindess, S., Bentur, A., and Pigeon, M. (1989). “Impact testing of concrete using a drop weight impact machine.” Exp. Mech., 29(2), 63–69.
Banthia, N., Trottier, J.-F., and Mindess, S. (1996). “Impact resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 93(5), 472–479.
Barr, P. (1990). “Guidelines for the design and assessment of concrete structures subjected to impact.” Report, UK Atomic Energy Authority, Safety and Reliability Directorate, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London.
Bischoff, P. H., and Perry, S. H. (1986). “Compressive strain rate effects of concrete.” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 64, 151–165.
Chew, C. W. (2003). “Impact resistance of ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced cementitious materials.” B. Eng. Dissertation, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Clifton, J. R. (1984). “Penetration resistance of concrete—a review.” Special Publication 480-45, National Bureau of Standards, Washington D.C.
Comité Euro-International du Béton (CEB). (1993). CEB-FIP Model Code 1990, Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, U.K.
Corbett, G. G., Reid, S. R., and Johnson, W. (1996). “Impact loading of plates and shells by free-flying projectiles: A review.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 18(2), 141–230.
Dancygier, A. N. (1998). “Rear face damage of normal and high-strength concrete elements caused by hard projectile impact.” ACI Struct. J., 95(3), 291–303.
Forrestal, M. J., Altman, B. S., Cargile, J. D., and Hanchak, S. J. (1994). “An empirical equation for penetration depth of ogive-nose projectiles into concrete targets.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 15(4), 395–405.
Fu, H. C., Seckin, M., and Erki, M. A. (1991a). “Review of effects of loading rate on reinforced concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 117(12), 3660–3679.
Fu, H. C., Seckin, M., and Erki, M. A. (1991b). “Review of effects of loading rate on concrete in compression.” J. Struct. Eng., 117(12), 3645–3659.
Haldar, A., and Hamieh, H. A. (1984). “Local effect of solid missiles on concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 110(5), 948–960.
Hanchak, S. J., Forrestal, M. J., Young, E. R., and Ehrgott, J. Q. (1992). “Perforation of concrete slabs with and unconfined compressive strengths.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 12, 1–7.
Hannant, D. J. (1978). Fiber cement and fiber concretes, Wiley, New York.
Kennedy, R. P. (1976). “A review of procedures for the analysis and design of concrete structures to resist missile impact effects.” Nucl. Eng. Des., 37, 183–203.
Li, Q. M., and Meng, H. (2003). “About the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials in a split Hopkinson pressure bar test.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 40(2), 343–360.
Li, V. C. (1998). “Engineered cementitious composites—tailored composites through micromechanical modeling.” Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Present and the Future, N. Banthia, A. Bentur, and A. Mufti, eds., Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, 64–97.
Li, V. C., and Leung, C. K. Y. (1992). “Steady-state and multiple cracking of short random fiber composites.” J. Eng. Mech., 118(11), 2246–2264.
Li, V. C., and Maalej, M. (1996). “Toughening in cement based composites. Part II: Fiber reinforced cementitious composites.” J. Cem. Concr. Compos., 18(4), 239–249.
Li, V. C., Mishra, D. K., Naaman, A. E., Wight, J. K., Wu, H. C., and Inada, Y. (1994). “On the shear behavior of engineered cementitious composites.” Adv. Cem. Based Mater., 1(3), 142–149.
Li, V. C., Wang, S. X., and Wu, C. (2001). “Tensile strain-hardening behavior of polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composites (PVA-ECC).” ACI Mater. J., 98(6), 483–492.
Li, V. C., Wu, H. C., Maalej, M., Mishra, D. K., and Hashida, T. (1996). “Tensile behavior of engineered cementitious composites with discontinuous random steel fibers.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79(1), 74–78.
Luo, X., Sun, W., and Chan, Sammy Y. N. (2000). “Characteristics of high-performance steel fiber-reinforced concrete subject to high velocity impact.” Cem. Concr. Res., 30(6), 907–914.
Maalej, M., Hashida, T., and Li, V. C. (1995). “Effect of fiber volume fraction on the off-crack plane energy in strain-hardening engineered cementitious composites.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 78(12), 3369–3375.
Malvar, L. J. (1998). “Review of static and dynamic properties of steel reinforcing bars.” ACI Mater. J., 95(5), 609–616.
Malvar, L. J., and Ross, C. A. (1998). “Review of strain rate effects for concrete in tension.” ACI Mater. J., 95(6), 735–739.
O’Neil, E. F., Neeley, B. D., and Cargile, J. D. (1999). “Tensile properties of very-high-strength concrete for penetration-resistant structures.” Shock Vib., 6, 237–245.
Riera, J. D. (1989). “Penetration, scabbing and perforation of concrete structures hit by solid missiles.” Nucl. Eng. Des., 115, 121–131.
Ross, C. A. (1997). “Review of strain rate effects in materials.” Proc. 1997 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conf., 351, New York, 255–262.
Sierakowski, R. L., and Chaturvedi, S. K. (1997). Dynamic loading and characterization of fiber-reinforced composites, Wiley, New York.
Suaris, W., and Shah, P. S. (1982). “Strain-rate effects in fiber-reinforced concrete subjected to impact and impulsive loading.” Composites, 13, 153–159.
Suaris, W., and Shah, P. S. (1985). “Constitutive model for dynamic loading of concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 111(3), 563–576.
Toutlemonde, F., and Rossi, P. (1998). “Free water in concrete pores: an attempt of physical explanation of concrete dynamic behavior.” Concrete and Blast effect, SP-175, W. Bounds ed., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich., 261–280.
Zhang, J., Maalej, M., and Quek, S. T. (2004). “Hybrid Fiber Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) for Impact and Blast-Resistant Structures.” Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Innovative Materials and Technologies for Construction and Restoration—IMTCR04, Liguori Editore, Naples, Italy, A. La Tegola and A. Nanni, eds., Vol. 1, 136–149.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 17 • Issue 2 • April 2005
Pages: 143 - 152
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: May 6, 2004
Accepted: Jul 7, 2004
Published online: Apr 1, 2005
Published in print: Apr 2005
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Nemkumar Banthia
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.