Accelerated Test for Measuring Sulfate Resistance of Calcium Sulfoaluminate, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cements
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 13, Issue 3
Abstract
Sulfate ions present in soil, ground water, seawater, decaying organic matter, and industrial effluents are known to have an adverse effect on long-term durability of concrete. However, ASTM test methods for predicting sulfate resistance have been criticized for failing to adequately predict field performance. In this investigation, cement pastes were tested by an accelerated test method where pH and sulfate concentration remained constant, conditions that are more representative of field conditions. A total of eight cements were tested: three portland cements (Type I/II, Type III, and Type V); one calcium aluminate cement (CA1); two calcium sulfoaluminate cements (CSA1 and CSA2); and two blends containing calcium aluminate, anhydrite, and portland cement (CAPC1 and CAPC2). After 63 days of exposure to a 4% Na2SO4 solution where the pH was maintained at 7.2, sulfate resistance of the cements can be described by: CA1 = CSA2 = Type I/II > Type V > Type III > CAPC2 > CAPC1 > CSA1.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Brown, P. W. ( 1981). “An evaluation of the sulfate resistance of cements in a controlled environment.” Cement and Concrete Res., 11, 719–727.
2.
Crammond, N. J. ( 1984). “Examination of mortar bars containing varying percentages of coarsely crystalline gypsum as aggregate.” Cement and Concrete Res., 14, 225–230.
3.
Collepardi, M. ( 1999). “Damage by delayed ettringite formation.” Concrete Int., 21(1), 69–73.
4.
Cohen, M. D., and Bentur, A. ( 1988). “Durability of portland cement-silica fume pastes in magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate solutions.” J. ACI Mat., 85(3), 62–69.
5.
Cohen, M. D., and Mather, B. ( 1991). “Sulfate attack on concrete—Research needs.” J. ACI Mat., 88(1), 62–69.
6.
Idorn, G. M., Johansen, V., and Thaulow, N. ( 1992). “Assessment of causes of cracking in concrete.” Materials science of concrete III, J. Skalny, ed., American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 71–104.
7.
Mehta, P. K. ( 1975). “Evaluation of sulfate-resisting cements by a new test method.” J. ACI, 573–575.
8.
Mehta, P. K. ( 1992). “Sulfate attack on concrete—A critical review.” Materials science of concrete III, J. Skalny, ed., American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 105–130.
9.
Mehta, P. K., and Gjorv, O. E. ( 1974). “A new test for sulfate resistance of cements.”J. Testing and Evaluation, 2(6), 510–515.
10.
Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. M. ( 1996). Concrete: Microstructure, properties, and materials, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
11.
Mehta, P. K., Pirtz, D., and Polivk, M. ( 1979). “Properties of alite cements.” Cement and Concrete Res., 9, 439–450.
12.
Monteiro, P. J. M., Roesler, J., Kurtis, K. E., and Harvey, J. ( 2000). “Accelerated test for measuring sulfate resistance of hydraulic cements for Caltrans LLPRS program.” Rep. Prepared for California Department of Transportation, Pavement Research Center, Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
13.
Taylor, H. F. W. ( 1997). Cement chemistry, 2nd Ed., Thomas Telford, London.
14.
Tumidajski, P. J., and Turc, I. ( 1995). “A rapid test for sulfate ingress into concrete.” Cement and Concrete Res., 35(5), 924–928.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 13 • Issue 3 • June 2001
Pages: 216 - 221
History
Received: Sep 20, 1999
Published online: Jun 1, 2001
Published in print: Jun 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.