Plywood‐Solid‐Wood Nailed Joints under Lateral Loading
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 2
Abstract
Data collected from tests on 240 nailed joints connecting Douglas‐fir plywood side members to solid‐sawn Douglas‐fir main members were analyzed with the intention of applying the European yield model (EYM) to predict joint behavior under lateral loading. All joints were of approximately similar geometry, with the EYM predicting a failure mode consisting of a single plastic hinge being formed in the nail within the thicker main member. The 5% offset and ultimate loads of the connection were parameters of greatest concern. In addition, a model to predict the embedding strength of solid wood was used to estimate the same parameter for plywood. The results showed that the joint plastic load predicted from the EYM was of a magnitude similar (within 6–28%) to the 5% offset load. The ultimate load was on average approximately 3.3 times the EYM plastic load. However, the high degree of variability found experimentally made deterministic predictions of joint behavior difficult. The study suggested that a model for wood embedding stress used in conjunction with the EYM can be a rational mechanism to estimate the 5% offset load for nailed joints in plywood‐solid‐wood connections.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aune, P. (1966). Tradstiftforbindelsers bäreevne. beregningog forsök; the load carrying capacity of nailed joints: calculations and experiments. Norges Tekniske Högskole, Trondheim, Norway.
2.
Aune, P., and Patton‐Mallory, M. (1986a). “Lateral load bearing capacity of nailed joints based on yield theory: Experimental development.” Res. Paper FPL 470. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
3.
Aune, P., and Patton‐Mallory, M. (1986b). “Lateral load bearing capacity of nailed joints based on yield theory: Theoretical development.” Res. Paper FPL 470. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
4.
Harding, N., and Fowkes, A. H. R. (1984). “Bolted timber joints.” Proc. Pacific Timber Engrg. Conf., Vol. III, Auckland, New Zealand.
5.
Hilson, B. O., Whale, L. R. J., Pope, D. J., and Smith, I. (1987). “Characteristic properties of nailed and bolted joints under short‐term lateral loading. Part III: Analysis and interpretation and embedment test data in terms of density related trends.” J. Inst. Wood Sci., 11(2), 65–71.
6.
Johansen, K. W. (1941). “Forsog med Traforbindeleser. “ Danmarks Tekniske Hojskole Medd. No. 10. City Laboratoriet for Bygningsteknik, Copenhagen, Denmark (in Danish).
7.
Johansen, K. W. (1949). “Theory of timber connections.” Proc., International Assoc. for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, 9, 249–262.
8.
Larsen, H. J. (1973). “The yield load of bolted and nailed joints.” IUFRO‐5 Conf., International Union of Forest Research Organizations, London, U.K., 646–654.
9.
Larsen, H. J. (1979). Design of bolted joints. International Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation, Bordeaux, France.
10.
Larsen, H. J., and Reestrup, V. (1969). Tests on screws in wood. Bygningsstatiske Meddeleser 1, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3–36.
11.
Mack, J. J. (1960). “The strength of nailed timber joints.” Tech. Paper No. 9, CSIRO, Division of Forest Products, Melbourne, Australia.
12.
McLain, T. E., and Thangjitham, S. (1983). “Bolted wood‐joint yield model.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 109(8), 1820–1835.
13.
Möller, T. (1951). “En ny metod foer beraekning as apikfoerband: new method for estimating the bearing strength of nailed wood connections.” Chalmers Tekniska Hoegskola Handlingar, 117, Gothenberg, Sweden.
14.
National design specifications for wood construction. (1988). National Forest Products Association. Washington, D.C.
15.
Pellicane, P. J., Stone, J. L., and Vanderbilt, M. D. (1991). “Generalized model for the lateral load‐slip of nailed joints.” J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE, 3(1), 60–77.
16.
Rodd, P. D., Anderson, C., Whale, L. R. J., and Smith, I. (1987). Characteristic properties of nailed and bolted joints under short‐term lateral loading. Part II: Embedment test apparatus for wood and wood‐based sheet materials. J. Inst. Wood Sci., 11(2), 60–64.
17.
Siimes, F. E., Johansan, P. E., and Niskanen, E. (1954). “Investigations on the ultimate embedding stress and nail holding power of Finnish pine.” Tiedoitus 122. State Institute for Technical Research, Helsinki, Finland.
18.
Smith, I., and Whale, L. R. J. (1987). “Characteristic properties of nailed and bolted joints under short‐term loading. Part I: Research philosophy and test programme.” J. Inst. Wood Sci., 11(2), 53–59.
19.
Smith, I., Whale, L. R. J., Anderson, C., and Held, L. (1984). “Influence of nail properties on nail joint behavior.” CIB‐W18A Paper No. 17‐7‐1. International Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation, Copenhagen, Denmark.
20.
Soltis, L. A., and Wilkinson, T. L. (1987). “Bolted connection design.” Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL‐GTR‐54, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
21.
Soltis, L. A., Karmasudirdja, S., and Little, J. (1987). “Angle to grain strength of dowel type fasteners.” Wood and Fiber Sci., 19(1), 68–80.
22.
Stone, J. L. (1980). “Generalized load‐slip curve for nailed joints,” M.S. thesis, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo.
23.
Whale, L. R. J., Smith, I., and Hilson, B. O. (1989). “Characteristic properties of nailed and bolted joints under short‐term loading. Part IV: The influences of testing mode and fastener diameter upon embedment test data.” J. Inst. Wood Sci., 11(5), 156–161.
24.
Whale, L. R. J., Smith, I., and Larsen, H. J. (1987). “Design of nailed and bolted joints—Proposal for the revision of existing formulae in draft Eurocode 5 and the CIB Code.” CIB‐W18A Paper No. 20‐7‐1. International Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation, Bordeaux, France.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 5 • Issue 2 • May 1993
Pages: 226 - 236
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 23, 1990
Published online: May 1, 1993
Published in print: May 1993
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.