A Field Study of Momentary Liquefaction Caused by Waves around a Coastal Structure
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents the results of field experiments carried out around a bunker from the Second World War situated on the beach. The structure was surrounded by water at high tide and subject to intense wave forcing. By positioning pressure sensors at different levels inside the soil, simultaneous time series of pore pressure measurements were acquired. They demonstrated that the sediment layer on top of the bed does not remain continuously in static equilibrium. Momentary liquefaction was observed as the occurrence of an upward pressure gradient, which could overcome the effective weight of the sediment layer. Using a Fourier analysis, a comparison was made with the theory put forward by Sakai et al. in 1992 whereby the damping of pore pressure variations inside the soil can be quantified. This indicated the existence of a significant amount of gas inside the soil, which was confirmed in the field by geoendoscopic videos.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was partially funded by the European Commission Research Directorate, FP5, specific program “Energy, Environment, and Sustainable Development,” Contract No UNSPECIFIEDEVK3-CT-2000-00038, Liquefaction around Marine Structures LIMAS (http://www.isva.dtu.dk/limas:public/limas2.html). The writers thank J. P. Barbier for the design and construction of the fiber optics system. C. Carrère and J. P. Dufau are also acknowledged for having made possible the experimentation at Capbreton.
References
Bonjean, D., Foray, P., Piedra-Cueva, I., Michallet, H., Breul, P., Haddani, Y., Mory, M., and Abadie, S. (2004). “Monitoring of the foundations of a coastal structure submitted to breaking waves: Occurrence of momentary liquefaction.” Proc., 12th ISOPE Conf., Toulon, France.
Breul, P. (1999). “Caractérisation endoscopique des milieux granulaires couplée à l’essai de pénétration.” Thèse de docteur- ingénieur, Université de Clermont-Ferrand, 280 pages (in French).
Cassen, M., and Abadie, S. (2004). “On the use of electrical resistivity measurements to monitor local depth evolution in the surf zone.” 29th ICCE Conf., Lisbon, Portugal.
Elgar, S., Raubenheimer, R., and Guza, R. T. (2001). “Current meter performance in the surf zone.” J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 18, 1735–1746.
Goring, D. G., and Nikora, V. I. (2002). “Despiking acoustic Doppler velocimeter data.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(1), 117–126.
Gratiot, N., and Mory, M. (2000). “Wave induced sea bed liquefaction with application to mine burial.” Proc., 10th ISOPE Conf., Seattle.
Howa, H., Salomon, J. N., and Tastet, J. P. (1999). “Littoral aquitain.” Acquis Sciences No. 20.
Longo, S., Petti, M., and Losada, I. J. (2002). “Turbulence in the swash and surf zones: A review.” Coastal Eng., 45, 129–147.
Mei, C. C., and Foda, M. A. (1981). “Wave induced responses in a fluid-filled poroelastic solid with a free surface—A boundary layer theory.” Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 66, 597–631.
Sakai, T., Hatanaka, K., and Mase, H. (1992). “Wave-induced effective stress in seabed and its momentary liquefaction.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 118(2), 202–206.
Sandven, R., and Long, M. (2004). “Development of sampler for measurement of gas content.” Submitted for publication in the J. Waterways, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering.
Wahl, T. L. (2003). “Discussion of ‘Despiking acoustic Doppler velocimeter data' by Derek G. Goring and Vladimir I. Nikora.’ ” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(6), 484–487.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: May 6, 2004
Accepted: Aug 30, 2004
Published online: Jan 1, 2007
Published in print: Jan 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.