Life-Cycle Modeling of Corrosion-Affected Concrete Structures: Propagation
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 6
Abstract
Although research in reinforcement corrosion in concrete has been intensive for the past three decades, studies of the most recently published literature reveal that the current state of research in corrosion propagation and its effects on structural resistance deterioration remains unsatisfactory. The intention of this paper is to develop models of structural resistance deterioration used in whole life performance assessment of corrosion-affected concrete structures. An assessment criterion is established to define the structural performance in terms of strength and serviceability limit states. A comparison of the experimental results on strength deterioration as determined from destructive load test and nondestructive measurement of corrosion current density is undertaken. From the developed models, life cycles of corrosion-affected concrete structures are determined in the paper. Together with previous results, a complete picture of whole life performance assessment of corrosion-affected reinforced concrete structures is depicted. The methodology presented in the paper can be used as a tool for structural engineers and asset managers in assessing concrete infrastructure and making decisions with regard to its maintenance and rehabilitation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1989). “Building code requirements for reinforced concrete.” ACI 318, Farmington Hills, Mich.
ACI Committee 222 (ACI C222). (1985). “Corrosion of metals in concrete.” ACI J., 82(1), 3–32.
Almusallam, A. A., Al-Gahtani, A. S., Aziz, A. R., Dakhil, F. H., and Rasheeduzzafar. (1996). “Effect of reinforcement corrosion on flexural behavior of concrete slabs.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 8(3), 123–127.
Amey, S. L., Johnson, D. A., Miltenberger, M. A., and Farzam, H.(1998). “Predicting the service life of concrete marine structures: An environment methodology.” ACI Mater. J., 95(2), 205–214.
Andrade, C., Alonso, M. C., Feliu, S., and Gonzalez, J. A. (1996). “Advances in the on-site electrochemical measurement of reinforcement corrosion and their use for predicting residual life.” Proc. of 13th Int. Conf. on Corrosion, Melbourne, Australia, 3.1–3.7.
Andrade, C., Alonso, M. C., and Gonzalez, J. A. (1990). “An initial effort to use the corrosion rate measurements for estimating rebar durability.” Corrosion rates of steel in concrete, N. S. Berke, V. Chaker, and D. Whiting, eds., ASTM STP 1065, Philadelphia, 29–37.
ASTM. (1991). “Standard test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete.” C-876, Philadelphia, 425–430.
Bamforth, P. B.(1999). “The derivation of input data for modeling chloride ingress from eight-year UK coastal exposure trials.” Mag. Concrete Res., 51(2), 89–96.
Berke, N. S., Chaker, V., and Whiting, D., eds. (1990). “Corrosion rates of steel in concrete.” ASTM STP 1065, Philadelphia.
Broomfield, J. (1997). Corrosion of steel in concrete, understanding, investigating & repair, E & FN Spon, London.
Cleven, M. Li, C. Q., and Isaac, F. (1999). “Bond loss due to reinforcing steel corrosion in concrete.” Proc., 14th Int. Corrosion Conf., Sept. 27–Oct. 1, Cape Town, 34.1–34.10.
De Schutter, G.(1999). “Quantification of the influence of cracks in concrete structures on carbonation and chloride penetration.” Mag. Concrete Res., 51(6), 427–435.
Escalante, E., and Ito, S. (1990). “Measuring the rate of corrosion of steel in concrete.” Corrosion rates of steel in concrete, N. S. Berke, V. Chaker, and D. Whiting, eds., ASTM STP 1065, Philadelphia, 86–102.
Francois, R., and Castel, A.(2001). “Discussion on influences of bending crack and water-cement ratio on chloride-induced corrosion of main reinforcing bars and stirrups.” ACI Mater. J., 98(3), 276–278.
Frangopol, D. M., Lin, K. Y., and Estes, A.(1997). “Reliability of reinforced concrete girders under corrosion attack.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(3), 286–297.
Gonzales, J. A., Feliu, S., Rodriguez, P., Lopez, W., Alonso, C., and Andrade, C.(1996). “Some questions on the corrosion of steel in concrete. II: Corrosion mechanism and monitoring, service life prediction and protection methods.” Mater. Struct., 29, 97–104.
Jones, D. A. (1992). Principles of and prevention of corrosion, Macmillan, New York.
Leeming, M. B. (1998). “Durability of concrete in and near the sea.” Concrete in coastal structures, R. T. L. Allen, ed., Thomas Telford, London, 73–98.
Li, C. Q.(1995). “Computation of the failure probability of deteriorating structural system.” Comput. Struct., 56(6), 1073–1079.
Li, C. Q.(2000). “Corrosion initiation of reinforcing steel in concrete under natural salt spray and service loading—Results and analysis.” ACI Mater. J., 97(6), 690–697.
Li, C. Q.(2001). “Initiation of chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in concrete structural members—Experimentation.” ACI Struct. J., 98(4), 501–510.
Li, C. Q.(2002). “Initiation of chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in concrete structural members—Prediction.” ACI Struct. J., 99(2), 133–141.
Li, C. Q., and Melchers, R. E.(1993). “Outcrossings from convex polyhedrons for nonstationary Gaussian processes.” J. Eng. Mech., 119(11), 2354–2361.
Mirza, S. A., Hatzinikolas, M., and MacGregor, J. G.(1979). “Statistical descriptions of strength of concrete.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 105(6), 1021–1037.
Oumeraci, H., Kortenhaus, A., Allsop, N. W. H., de Groot, M., Crouch, R., Vrijling, H., and Voortman, H. (2001). Probabilistic design tools for vertical breakwaters, Balkena, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Otsuki, N., Miyazato, S., Diola, N. B., and Suzuki, H.(2000). “Influences of bending crack and water-cement ratio on chloride-induced corrosion of main reinforcing bars and stirrups.” ACI Mater. J., 97(4), 454–465.
Papoulis, A. (1965). Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Roberts, M. B., Atkins, C., Hogg, V., and Middleton, C.(2000). “A proposed empirical corrosion model for reinforced concrete.” Struct. Bldg., I.C.E., 140(1), 1–11.
Schiessl, P. (1988). “Corrosion of steel in concrete.” Rep. of the TC60-CSC RILEM, Chapman and Hall, London.
Tonini, D. E., and Dean, S. W. (1976). “Chloride corrosion of steel in concrete.” ASTM STP 629, Philadelphia.
Tuutti, K. (1982). Corrosion of steel in concrete, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, 17–21.
Yoon, S. C., Kim, H. R., Wang, K., Weiss, W. J., and Shah, S. P. (1999). “The influence of loading on the corrosion and mechanical response of reinforced concrete elements.” ACI Convention, March 14–19, Chicago.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 6 • June 2003
Pages: 753 - 761
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 18, 2001
Accepted: Jul 2, 2002
Published online: May 15, 2003
Published in print: Jun 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.