Behavior of Long Fatigue Cracks in Cellular Box Beam
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 11
Abstract
The propagation of long cracks under constant-amplitude cyclic loading is studied in complex welded box beams made of high-strength low-alloy steel. The 8 × 1 × 0.7 m box beams were designed to simulate the cellular structure of a double-hull ship but the results of the experiments are equally applicable to other box systems such as bridges. These experiments were designed to evaluate the residual fatigue life after a significant fatigue crack has formed. After testing, residual stresses were measured on two box beams using the standardized strain-gauge hole-drilling method. The experiment results demonstrated the good crack tolerance of cellular structures. The residual life of a box beam (after a welded detail has failed) was significant. The crack-driving force was evaluated using finite-element modeling. Reasonable correlation between these large-scale tests and the fatigue crack growth rate from small compact specimens was obtained only with models that included the effects of crack closure due to residual stresses. Linear-elastic fracture mechanics proved to be sufficient to predict the behavior of long cracks in this case.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Beach, J. E. ( 1990). “Advanced surface ship hull technology—cluster B.” ASNE Symp. 1990, Destroyer, Cruiser and Frigate Technology, American Society of Naval Engineers, Alexandria, Va., 89–112.
2.
Beghini, M., and Bertini, L. (1990). “Analytical and numerical evaluation of the residual stress effects on fatigue crack propagation.” Computers and experiments in stress analysis, Springer, Berlin, 187–197.
3.
Chan, K. S.“Scaling laws for fatigue crack growth of large cracks in steel.” (1993). Metallurgical and materials transactions A, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 24(10).
4.
ECCS Recommendation for the fatigue design of steel structures. (1985). Publication No. 43, European Convention for Constructional Steelwork, Brussels, Belgium.
5.
Evans, J. H., ed. (1975). Ship structural design concepts. Cornell Maritime Press, Cambridge, Md.
6.
Fisher, J. W. (1984). Fatigue and fracture of steel bridges. Wiley, Wiley, New York.
7.
Fisher, J. W., Albrecht, P. A., Yen, B. T., Klingerman, D. J., and McNamee, B. M. (1974). “Fatigue strength of steel beams with welded stiffeners and attachments.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP Rep. No. 147, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
8.
Fisher, J. W., and Dexter, R. J. et al. (1993). “Structural failure modes for advanced double hull—fatigue and fracture failure modes.” Rep. No. TDL 91 -01, Phase 1.3 (a), ATLSS Research Ctr., Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.
9.
Fisher, J. W., Frank, K. H., Hirt, M. A., and McNamee, B. M. (1970). “Effect of weldments on the fatigue strength of steel beams.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP Rep. No. 102, Highway Research Board, Washington, D.C.
10.
Fracture mechanics design methodology. (1978). Advisory Group for Aerospace Research & Development (AGARD), Lecture Series No. 97, NATO, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
11.
Gurney, T. R., and Maddox, S. J. (1971). “A re-analysis of fatigue data for welded joints in steel.” The Welding Institute Rep. R/RB/E44/7 1, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
12.
Keating, P. B. ( 1987). “High cycle fatigue behavior of welded details under variable amplitude loading,” PhD thesis, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.
13.
Lu, L. W. et al. (1993). “Structural failure modes for advanced double hull—cellular member instability.” Rep. TDL 91-01 Phase 1.3 (b), Vol. 3b, ATLSS Research Ctr., Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.
14.
Maddox, S. J. (1980). “Some aspects of the influence of residual stresses on the fatigue behaviour of fillet welded joints in steel.” The Welding Institute Rep. No. 123/1980, Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
15.
Manual of steel construction (LRFD). (1986). 1st Ed., American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Ill.
16.
Miner M. A. (1945). “Cumulative damage in fatigue.” J. Appl. Mech., 12(3), 159–164.
17.
Nussbaumer, A. ( 1993). “Propagation of long fatigue cracks in multi-cellular box beams,” PhD thesis, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.
18.
Okamoto, T., Hori, T., Tateishi, M., Rashed, S. M. H., and Miwa, S. ( 1985). “Strength evaluation of novel unidirectional-girder-system product oil carrier by reliability analysis.” Proc., Paper No. 2, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Jersey City, N.J.
19.
Paik, J. K., Kim, D. H., Bong, H. S., Kim, M. S., and Han, S. K. ( 1992). “Deterministic and probabilistic safety evaluation for a new double-hull tanker with transverseless system.” Proc., Paper No. 6, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Alexandria, Va.
20.
Pang, H. L. J. (1993). “Linear elastic fracture mechanics benchmarks: 2-D finite element test cases.” Engrg. Fracture Mech., 44(5), 741–751.
21.
Paris, P. C., and Erdogan, F. (1971). “A critical analysis of crack propagation laws.” J. Basic Engrg., 85.
22.
Parker, A. P. (1982). “Stress intensity factors, crack profiles, and fatigue crack growth rates in residual stress fields.” Residual stress effects in fatigue, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 13–31.
23.
Parlane, A. J. A. (1976). The determination of residual stresses: A review of contemporary techniques. The Welding Institute, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
24.
Pilarski, P. ( 1999). “Effect of welded stiffeners on crack growth rate,” MS thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
25.
Rice, J. R. (1968). “Fracture—an advanced treatise.” Mathematical fundamentals, Vol. II, Academic Press, New York, 191–311.
26.
Ruud, C. O. ( 1982). “Nondestructive and semidestructive methods for residual stress measurement.” Residual stress effect in fatigue, ASME, West Conshohocken, Pa., 3–5.
27.
Rybicki, E. F., and Kanninen, M. F. (1977). “A finite element calculation of stress intensity factors by a modified crack closure integral.” Engrg. Fracture Mech., Elsevier Science, Oxford, U.K., 9, 931–938.
28.
Schijve, I. ( 1988). “Fatigue crack closure: Observations and technical significance.” Mechanics of fatigue crack closure, J. C. Newman Jr. and W. Elber, eds., ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 5–34.
29.
Signes, E. G., Baker, R. G., Harrison, J. D., and Burdekin, F. M. (1967). “Factors affecting the fatigue strength of welded high strength steels.” British Welding J. Rep. M/1 1/66, British Welding Research Association, Abingdon, Cambridge, U.K., 108–116.
30.
Sikora, J. P., Dinsenbacher, A., and Beach, J. E. (1983). “A method of for estimating lifetime loads and fatigue lives for SWATH and conventional monohull ships.” ASNE Naval Engrs. J., 95(3), 63–85.
31.
Standard specification for highway bridges. (1989). 14th Ed., The American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Washington, D.C.
32.
“Standard test method for determining residual stresses by the hole-drilling strain gage method.” (1992). Standard E 83 7-92, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
33.
Steel, concrete, and composite bridges. (1980). BS5400, Part 10, Code of Practice for Fatigue, British Institute, London.
34.
Structural welding code: Steel, ANSI/AWS D 1. 1-92. (1992). 13th Ed., American Welding Society, Miami, Fla.
35.
Tebedge, N., Alpsten, G., and Tall, L., (1973). “Residual-stress measurement by the sectioning method.” Experim. Mech., 13(2), 88–96.
36.
Tien, J. K., and Schwartzkopf, E. A. ( 1987). “Micromechanisms of fatigue crack growth in the power law regime.” ASM Mat. Sci. Seminar Paper 9, American Society for Metals Int., Materials Park, Ohio, 255–281.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 125 • Issue 11 • November 1999
Pages: 1232 - 1238
History
Received: Mar 9, 1998
Published online: Nov 1, 1999
Published in print: Nov 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.