Biaxial Seismic Response of R/C Frames
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 113, Issue 6
Abstract
Results of experimental shaking table tests and analytical studies of the biaxial response of a reinforced concrete frame having rectangular columns and inelastic motion induced by earthquake excitation are summarized. The objective of this research program was to evaluate biaxial loading effects on R/C column behavior and implications for aseismic design. Inspection of the response and comparison to a test with uniaxial motion found that biaxial motion seriously affected column and frame behavior. The column capacities (strength, stiffness, deformability, and energy dissipation) were reduced and the response demand was increased compared to those with uniaxial motion. Results indicate that present code‐endorsed methods of analyzing and designing frames independently along their principal axes may result in an unconservative product when biaxial motion occurs.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aktan, A., Pecknold, D., Sozen, M., “Effects of Two‐Dimensional Earthquake Motion on a Reinforced Concrete Column,” Civil Engineering Studies, Structural Research Series Report No. 399, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., 1973.
2.
Bresler, B., “Design Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Columns under Axial Load and Axial Bending,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 32, No. 5, Nov., 1960, pp. 481–490.
3.
“Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete,” ACI 318‐71, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Mich., 1971.
4.
Chen, P., Powell, G., “Generalized Plastic Hinge Concepts for 3‐D Beam Column Elements,” EERC 82‐20, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1982.
5.
Clough, R. W., “Effects of Stiffness Degradation on Earthquake Ductility Requirements,” SESM Rept. No. 66‐16, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1966.
6.
Clough, R. W., and Gidwani, J., “Reinforced Concrete Frame 2; Seismic Testing and Analytical Correlation,” EERC 76‐15, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1976.
7.
Ferguson, P., Reinforced Concrete Fundamentals, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1973.
8.
Jirsa, J. O., Maruyama, K., and Ramirez, H., “Reinforced Concrete Columns under 3‐D Loading Histories,” presented at the 1978 Symposium on Nonlinear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures, ACI Fall Convention held at Houston, Tex., Nov. 2–3, 1978.
9.
Kanaan, A., and Powell, G., “DRAIN2D: A General Purpose Computer Program for Dynamic Analysis of Inelastic Plane Structures,” EERC 73‐22, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1973.
10.
Karlson, B., Aoyama, H., and Sozen, M., “Spirally Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Loading Reversals Simulating Earthquake Effects,” Proceedings 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Italy, 1973, pp. 803–806.
11.
Kobayashi, K., Kokusho, S., Takiguchi, K., and Yang‐Boo, C., “Study on the Restoring Force Characteristics of R/C Column to Bidirectional Deflection History,” Proceedings, 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, Calif., 1984, pp. 537–544.
12.
Lai, S., Will, G., and Otani, S., “Model for Inelastic Biaxial Bending of Concrete Members,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 11, Nov., 1984, pp. 2563–2584.
13.
Nigam, N., “Inelastic Interactions in the Dynamic Response of Structures,” EERL 67‐64, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., 1967.
14.
Okada, T., Seki, M., and Asai, S., “Response of Reinforced Concrete Columns to Bidirectional Horizontal Force and Constant Axial Force,” Bulletin of Earthquake Research Center, No. 10, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 1976, pp. 30–36.
15.
Oliva, M. G., “Shaking Table Testing of a Reinforced Concrete Frame with Biaxial Response,” EERC 80‐28, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1980.
16.
Oliva, M. G., and Clough, R. W., “Biaxial Shaking Table Study of a R/C Frame,” Proceedings, 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 7, Istanbul, Turkey, 1980, pp. 1–7.
17.
Otani, S., Cheung, V., and Lai, S., “Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Biaxial Lateral Load Reversals,” Proceedings, 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 6, Istanbul, Turkey, 1980, pp. 525–532.
18.
Padilla‐Mora, R., and Schnobrich, W., “Non‐Linear Response of Framed Structures to Two‐Dimensional Earthquake Motion,” Civil Engineering Studies, Research Series Report No. 408, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., 1974.
19.
Pannel, F., “Failure Surfaces for Members in Compression and Biaxial Bending,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 60, No. 1, Jan., 1963, pp. 129–140.
20.
Park, R., and Paulay, T., Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1975.
21.
Pecknold, D., “Inelastic Structural Response to 2‐D Ground Motion,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. 5, Oct., 1974, pp. 949–963.
22.
Pecknold, D., and Suharwardy, M., “Effects of Two Dimensional Earthquake Motion on Response of R/C Columns,” Proceedings of Workshop on Earthquake Resistant, R/C Building Construction, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1978, pp. 950–959.
23.
Recommended Lateral Force Requirements and Commentary, Seismology Committee, Structural Engineers Association of California, San Francisco, Calif., 1975.
24.
Row, D., “The Effects of Skew Seismic Response on Reinforced Concrete Frames,” thesis presented to the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1973, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering.
25.
Saatcioglu, M., “Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Uniaxial and Biaxial Load Reversals,” Proceedings, 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 6, San Francisco, Calif., 1984, pp. 585–592.
26.
Selna, L., and Lawder, J., “Biaxial Inelastic Frames,” ACI Special Pub. SP‐53, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Mich., 1977, pp. 440–461.
27.
Sharma, A., “Interaction Equation for Symmetrically Reinforced Concrete Beams in Biaxial Bending, Axial Compression and Torsion,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. P2, No. 71, Jun., 1981, pp. 523–527.
28.
Suharwardy, M., and Pecknold, D., “Inelastic Response of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subject to Two‐Dimensional Earthquake Motions,” Civil Engineering Studies, Structural Research Series No. 455, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., 1978.
29.
Suzuki, N., Otani, S., and Kobayashi, Y., “Three Dimensional Beam‐Column Subassemblages Under Bidirectional Earthquake Loadings,” Proceedings, 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, Calif., 1984, pp. 453–460.
30.
Takizawa, H., “Biaxial and Gravity Effects in Modelling Strong Motion Response of R/C Stuctures,” Proceedings, 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Delhi, India, 1977, pp. 1022–1027.
31.
Takizawa, H., and Aoyama, H., “Biaxial Effects in Modelling Earthquake Response of R/C Structures,” International Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 4, Issue 6, Oct.–Dec., 1976, pp. 523–552.
32.
Takiguchi, K., and Kokusho, S., “Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members Subjected to Biaxial Bending Moments,” Proceedings, 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 3, Paper 11‐250, New Delhi, India, 1977, p. 3262.
33.
“Tentative Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings,” ATC 3‐06, Applied Technology Council, Palo Alto, Calif., 1978.
34.
Uniform Building Code, International Conference of Building Officials, Pasadena, Calif., 1970.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 113 • Issue 6 • June 1987
Pages: 1264 - 1281
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1987
Published in print: Jun 1987
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.