Modeling Flow and Transport in Drainage Areas with Shallow Ground Water
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 3
Abstract
A new modified linked approach is introduced to solve the governing partial differential equations for subsurface flow and salt transport by finite difference. It combines the attractive features of the standard linked and continuous (composite) modeling approaches. The standard linked approach can be adopted to model irrigation-drainage systems that are traditionally based on a purely agricultural objective of maintaining crop productivity despite the presence of a saline shallow ground-water table. With current concerns on the water quality of agricultural drainage, a more rigorous modeling approach (i.e., continuous approach) is required, however, at the expense of a large increase in the computational requirement. By using one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) flow and salt transport problems, it is shown that the modified linked approach efficiently satisfies current modeling requirements of both crop productivity and water quality protection. Results of applying the model to estimate the effectiveness of the drains to intercept soil water from shallow layers (<2 m deep) as affected by drain spacing, drain depth, surface recharge, and depth to impermeable layer are presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Akai, T. J. (1994). Applied numerical methods for engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
2.
Butterfield, S., and Davidoff, B. (1989). “Source control and institutional approaches for agricultural drainage reduction.”Rep., Controlling toxic substances in agricultural drainage—emerging technologies and research needs. U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Sacramento, Calif., 57–66.
3.
Chung, S., and Austin, T. A. (1987). “Modeling saturated-unsaturated water flow in soils.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 113(2), 233– 250.
4.
El Hessy, F. A. M. (1991). “Irrigation and drainage management in the presence of a saline shallow water table,” PhD dissertation, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
5.
Garcia, L. A., Manguerra, H. B., and Gates, T. K.(1995). “Irrigation-drainage decision design and management model: development.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 121(1), 71–82.
6.
Healy, R. W. (1990). “Simulation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media with supplemental information on modifications to the USGS's computer program VS2D.”Water Resour. Investigations Rep. 90-4025, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo.
7.
Hill, M. C.(1990). “Solving groundwater flow problems by conjugate-gradient methods and the strongly implicit procedure.”Water Resour. Res., 26(9), 1961–1969.
8.
Imhoff, E. A. (1989). “Overview of an interagency effort to solve agricultural drainage problems.”Rep., Controlling toxic substances in agricultural drainage—emerging technologies and research needs, U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Sacramento, Calif., 25–30.
9.
Jalut, Q. H. (1989). “Conjunctive use model of groundwater and surface water in irrigation command area,” PhD dissertation, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
10.
Kashkuli, H. A. (1981). “A numerical linked model for the prediction of the decline of groundwater mounds developed under recharge,” PhD dissertation, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
11.
Lapalla, E. G., Healy, R. W., and Weeks, E. P. (1987). “Documentation of computer program VS2D to solve the equations of fluid flow in variably saturated porous media.”Water Resour. Investigations Rep., U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo.
12.
Manguerra, H. B. (1995). “Integrated design and management of irrigation-drainage systems incorporating water quality aspects,” PhD dissertation, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
13.
Manguerra, H. B., and Garcia, L. A.(1995). “Irrigation-drainage design and management model: Validation and application.”J. Irrig. Drain. Div., ASCE, 121(1), 83–94.
14.
McDonald, M. G., and Harbaugh, A. W. (1988). “A modular three dimensional groundwater flow model.”Techniques of water resources investigations. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va., 121–129.
15.
National Research Council (NRC). (1989). Irrigation-induced water quality problems. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
16.
Oster, J. D. (1989). “Alternative irrigation strategies in the San Joaquin Valley of California.”Controlling toxic substances in agricultural drainage—emerging technologies and research needs, U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Sacramento, Calif., 43–54.
17.
Pikul, M. F., Street, R. L., and Remson, I.(1974). “A numerical model based on coupled one-dimensional Richards and Boussinesq equations.”Water Resour. Res., 10, 295–302.
18.
Rubin, J.(1968). “Theoretical analysis of two-dimensional, transient flow of water in unsaturated and partly unsaturated soils.”Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. Proc., Soil Sci. Soc. of Am., Madison, Wis., 32(5), 607–615.
19.
Stone, H. L.(1968). “Iterative solution of implicit approximations of multidimensional partial differential equations.”SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 5, 530–558.
20.
U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. (1989). Controlling toxic substances in agricultural drainage–emerging technologies and research needs, Sacramento, Calif.
21.
van Genuchten, M. T.(1980). “A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.”Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. Proc., Soil Sci. Soc. of Am., Madison, Wis., 44(5), 892–898.
22.
van Genuchten, M. T., Leij, F. J., and Yates, S. R. (1992). The RETC code for quantifying the hydraulic functions of unsaturated soils. U.S. Salinity Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverside, Calif.
23.
Warrick, A. W., Biggar, J. W., and Nielsen, D. R.(1971). “Simultaneous solute and water transfer for an unsaturated soil.”Water Resour. Res., 7, 1216–1225.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 1, 1997
Published in print: May 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.