Analysis of PVC Pipe-Wall Viscoelasticity during Water Hammer
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 9
Abstract
This research work focuses on the analysis of hydraulic transients in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, which are characterized by a viscoelastic rheological behavior. Transient pressure data were collected in a pipe rig consisting of a set of PVC pipes. The creep function of the PVC pipes was determined by using an inverse transient model based on collected transient pressure data and compared with that obtained by carrying out mechanical tensile tests of PVC pipe specimens. The numerical results obtained from the transient solver have shown that the attenuation, dispersion, and shape of transient pressures were well described. The incorporation of the viscoelastic mechanical behavior in the hydraulic transient model has provided an excellent fitting between numerical results and observed data. Calibrated creep function based on inverse analysis fit the one determined by mechanical tests well, which emphasized the importance of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients in PVC pipes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers gratefully acknowledge the financial support of both Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil), who provided scholarships to the first writer. The writers would also to thank Professor Fazal H. Chaudhry, from São Carlos School of Engineering, for his technical assistance and support.
References
Aklonis, J. J., and MacKnight, W. J. (1983). Introduction to polymer viscoelasticity, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Almeida, A. B., and Koelle, E. (1992). Fluid transients in pipe networks, Computational Mechanics Publications, Elsevier Applied Science, Southampton, U.K.
Chaudhry, M. H. (1987). Applied hydraulic transients, 2nd Ed., Litton Educational Publishing Inc., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York.
Covas, D. (2003). “Inverse transient analysis for leak detection and calibration of water pipe systems—Modelling special dynamic effects.” Ph.D., Univ. of London, London.
Covas, D., Stoianov, I., Mano, J., Ramos, H., Graham, N., and Maksimovic, C. (2004). “The dynamic effect of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients. Part I—Experimental analysis and creep characterization.” J. Hydraul. Res., 42(5), 516–530.
Covas, D., Stoianov, I., Mano, J., Ramos, H., Graham, N., and Maksimovic, C. (2005). “The dynamic effect of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients. Part II—Model development, calibration and verification.” J. Hydraul. Res., 43(1), 56–70.
Covas, D., Stoianov, I., Ramos, H., Graham, N., and Maksimovic, C. (2003). “The dissipation of pressure surges in water pipeline systems.” Pumps, electromechanical devices and systems applied to urban management, Vol. 2, E. Cabrera, and E. Cabrera, Jr., eds., Balkema, Roherlam, The Netherlands, 711–719.
Ferry, J. D. (1970). Viscoelastic properties of polymers, 2nd Ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Meissner, E., and Franke, G. (1977). “Influence of pipe material on the dampening of water hammer.” Proc., 17th Congress of the Int. Association for Hydraulic Research, IAHR, Baden-Baden, Germany.
Ramos, H., Borga, A., Covas, D., and Loureiro, D. (2004). “Surge damping analysis in pipe systems: Modelling and experiments.” J. Hydraul. Res., 42(4), 413–425.
Sharp, B. B., and Theng, K. C. (1987). “Water hammer attenuation in uPVC pipe.” Proc., Conf. on Hydraulics in Civil Engineering, Barton, ACT: Institution of Engineers, Melbourne, Australia, 132–136.
Soares, A. K. (2007). “Leak detection and calibration of transient hydraulic system models.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, in Portuguese.
Trikha, A. K. (1975). “An efficient method for simulating frequency-dependent friction in transient liquid flow.” J. Fluids Eng., 97(1), 97–105.
Vardy, A. E., Hwang, K. L., and Brown, J. (1993). “A weighting function model of transient turbulent pipe friction.” J. Hydraul. Res., 31(4), 533–548.
Vitkovsky, J. P., Lambert, M. F., and Simpson, A. R. (2000). “Advances in unsteady friction modelling in transient pipe flow.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges—Safe Design and Operation of Industrial Pipe Systems, A. Anderson, ed., Publication No. 39, BHR Group Ltd., Suffolk, U.K., 471–498.
Williams, D. J. (1977). “Waterhammer in non-rigid pipes: precursor waves and mechanical dampening.” J. Mech. Eng., 19(6), 237–242.
Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1993). Fluid transients in systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 9 • September 2008
Pages: 1389 - 1394
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 6, 2007
Accepted: Nov 13, 2007
Published online: Sep 1, 2008
Published in print: Sep 2008
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.