Flow in Compound Channel with Abrupt Floodplain Contraction
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 9
Abstract
Flooding rivers usually present transition reaches where the floodplain width can significantly vary. The present study focuses on an abrupt floodplain contraction (mean angle 22°) in order to determine whether one-dimensional (1D) models, developed for straight and slightly converging geometry, are equally valid for such a geometry. Experiments on a contraction model were carried out in an asymmetric compound channel flume. Severe mass and momentum transfers from the floodplain towards the main channel were observed, giving rise to a noteworthy transverse slope of the water surface and different head loss gradients in the two subsections. Three 1D models and one 2D simulation were compared to experimental measurements. Each 1D model incorporates a specific approach for the modeling of the momentum exchange at the interface boundary between the main channel and the floodplain. The increase of the lateral mass transfer generates moderate errors on the water level values but significant errors on the discharge distribution. Erroneous results arise because of incorrect estimations of both momentum exchange due to lateral mass transfers and boundary conditions which are imposed by the tested 1D models.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Experiments in CNR flume were funded by PNRH99-04 research programme. D. Bousmar, N. Rivière, and S. Proust travel costs were supported by the Tournesol programme Grant 02947VM funded by EGIDE, France and CGRI, Communauté française de Belgique.
References
Abril, J. B., and Knight, D. W. (2004). “Stage-discharge prediction for rivers in flood applying a depth-averaged model.” J. Hydraul. Res., 42(6), 616–629.
Ackers, P. (1991). “Hydraulic design of straight compound channels.” Rep. No. SR281, HR Wallingford.
Ackers, P. (1992). “Hydraulic design of two-stage channels.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Waters. Maritime Energ., 96(4), 247–257.
Bousmar, D. (2002). “Flow modelling in compound channels, momentum transfer between main channel and prismatic or nonprismatic floodplains.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Bousmar, D., et al. (2005). “Upstream discharge distribution in compound-channel flumes.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 131(5), 408–412.
Bousmar, D., Wilkin, N., Jacquemart, J.-H., and Zech, Y. (2004). “Overbank flow in symmetrically narrowing floodplains.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 130(4), 305–312.
Bousmar, D., and Zech, Y. (1999). “Momentum transfer for practical flow computation in compound channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(7), 696–706.
Brunner, G. W. (2001). Hec-Ras, river analysis system—Hydraulic reference manual, USACE, Inst. for Water Resources, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, Calif., CPD-69.
Elliot, S. C. A., and Sellin, R. H. J. (1990). “SERC Flood channel facility: Skewed flow experiments.” J. Hydraul. Res., 28(2), 197–214.
French, R. H. (1985). Open channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hunt, J., Brunner, G. W., and Larock, B. E. (1999). “Flow transitions in bridge backwater analysis.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(9), 981–983.
Jasem, H. K. (1990). “Flow in two-stage channels with the main channel skewed to the floodplain direction.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Glasgow, U.K.
Knight, D. W., and Demetriou, J. D. (1983). “Floodplain and main channel flow interaction.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 109(8), 1073–1092.
Lancastre, A. (1999). Hydraulique générale, Eyrolles, Paris.
Martin-Vide, J. P., Lopez-Querol, S., and Martin-Moretta, P. (2004). “Improving 1D modeling of open channel flow in compound channels.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Fluvial Hydraulics, River flow 2004, Napoly, Italy, Greco, Carravetta and Della Morte, eds., Balkema, 415–422.
Nicollet, G., and Uan, M. (1979). “Ecoulements permanents à surface libre en lit composés.” Houille Blanche, 35(1), 21–30.
Proust, S. (2005). “Nonuniform flows in compound channels: Effect of flow-width variation in the floodplain.” Ph.D. thesis, No. 2005-ISAL-0083, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France.
Proust, S., Rivière, N., Bousmar, D., Paquier, A., and Morel, R. (2002). “Velocity measurements in a concrete experimental channel representing a floodplain.” Proc., Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods (CD-ROM), ASCE, Reston, Va.
Rhodes, D. G., and Knight, D. W. (1994). “Velocity and boundary shear in a wide compound duct.” J. Hydraul. Res., 32(5), 743–764.
Rivière, N., et al. (2002). “Relevance of 1D flow modelling for compound channels with a converging floodplain.” River Flow 2002, Proc., Int. Conf. on Fluvail Hydraulics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 1, 187–195.
Rodi, W. (1980). Turbulence models and their application in hydraulics: A state of the art review, IAHR, Delft.
Sellin, R. H. J., Ervine, D. A., and Willetts, B. B. (1993). “Behavior of meandering two-stage channels.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Waters. Maritime Energ., 101, 99–111.
Shiono, K., and Knight, D. W. (1991). “Turbulent open channel flows with variable depth across the channel.” J. Fluid Mech., 222, 617–646.
Shiono, K., and Muto, Y. (1998). “Complex flow mechanisms in compound meandering channels with overbank flow.” J. Fluid Mech., 376, 221–226.
Sturm, T. W., and Janjua, N. S. (1994). “Clear-water scour around abutments in floodplains.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 120(8), 956–972.
Wilson, C., Bates, P. D., and Hervouet, J. M. (2002). “Comparison of turbulence models for stage-discharge rating curve prediction in reach-scale compound channel flows using two-dimensional finite element methods.” J. Hydrol., 257(1–4), 42–58.
Wormleaton, P. R., and Merrett, D. J. (1990). “An improved method of the calculation for steady uniform flow in prismatic main channel/floodplain sections.” J. Hydraul. Res., 28(2), 157–174.
Yen, B. C. (1984). “Hydraulics of floodplains: Methodology for backwater computation.” Rep. No. 84/5 (HWV 053), Institut für Wasserbau, Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
Yen, B. C. (2002). “Open-channel flow resistance.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(1), 20–39.
Yen, B. C., Camacho, R., Kohane, R., and Westrich, B. (1985). “Significance of floodplains in backwater computation.” Proc., 21st Congress of IAHR, Melbourne, Australia, Vol. 3, 439–445.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 16, 2004
Accepted: Sep 9, 2005
Published online: Sep 1, 2006
Published in print: Sep 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.