Marine Wastewater Discharges from Multiport Diffusers. III: Stratified Stationary Water
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Volume 132, Issue 4
Abstract
Experiments on the near-field mixing of wastewater discharged from multiport diffusers into a stationary density-stratified environment are reported for conditions typical of ocean sewage outfalls. Dilutions were measured with a microconductivity probe in which the test tank was stratified with a nonconducting solution; geometrical characteristics such as rise height and layer thickness were measured by planar laser-induced fluorescence in which the test tank was stratified with refractive-index matched fluids. The port spacing was varied over a wide range encompassing rapidly merging to nonmerging plumes. The end of the near-field occurs at a distance of order one plume rise height from the diffuser. At this point the turbulence and mixing induced by the discharge is effectively damped by the ambient stratification, and little near-field mixing occurs beyond it. The results were analyzed in terms of line and point-source parameters to deduce the ranges of port spacings for which line and point plume solutions apply. Equations to predict the near-field characteristics are presented.
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Acknowledgments
The writers acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. NSFDGE-9354986 and NSFCBT-8915537 and the STAR program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Exploratory Research, Physics, Grant No. UNSPECIFIEDR826216. Ms. Karen Maile is also thanked for her help in conducting the conductivity probe experiments.
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Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 4 • April 2006
Pages: 404 - 410
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 15, 2004
Accepted: Jan 27, 2005
Published online: Apr 1, 2006
Published in print: Apr 2006
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