Marine Wastewater Discharges from Multiport Diffusers. IV: Stratified Flowing Water
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Volume 132, Issue 4
Abstract
Experiments on the near-field mixing of wastewater discharged from multiport diffusers into stratified flowing waters are reported for conditions typical of actual ocean sewage outfalls. Dilutions were measured by a newly developed three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence system combined with refractive-index matching and by a microconductivity probe. The plume dynamics are complex. Depending on port spacing, plumes discharged from the upstream diffuser side may merge first with themselves, and then with the plumes discharged from the downstream side. Or the plumes that are horizontally opposed may first merge, followed by lateral merging. In all cases, however, the wastefield eventually becomes laterally homogeneous. The results are analyzed in terms of line or point-source parameters and it is found that they can be predicted by assuming the discharge to be a line plume when and as point plumes for . Semiempirical equations to predict the near-field dilution, near-field length, and plume rise height are presented.
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Acknowledgments
The writers acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. NSFDGE-9354986 and NSFCBT-8915537 and the STAR program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Exploratory Research, Physics, Grant No. UNSPECIFIEDR826216. Ms. Karen Maile is also thanked for her help in conducting the conductivity probe experiments.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 4 • April 2006
Pages: 411 - 419
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 15, 2004
Accepted: Jan 27, 2005
Published online: Apr 1, 2006
Published in print: Apr 2006
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