Oscillatory Ripple Geometry
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 3
Abstract
Ripple geometry provides a bed roughness which governs the bed shear stress and the profile of eddy viscosity or diffusion coefficient required for the description of the sediment concentration profile or rate of sediment transport. An analysis is made of ripple geometries using known tabulated laboratory and field data as well as water tunnel data obtained by the writer. Three different types of ripples can be identified: sand, light sediment, and oscillating bed ripples. They reflect different effects of the fluid shear stress and fluid acceleration on bed sediments. It is also shown that, when the bed shear stress or the amplitude of the water particle motion relative to the sediment size is small, the resulting vortices are more regular with low turbulence intensity, and the generated ripples are two dimensional; they are called growing or vortex ripples, which are strongly influenced by the amplitude of the water particle motion. At the other extreme, when the bed shear stress or the amplitude of the water particle motion relative to the sediment size is large, the resulting vortices are very irregular with high turbulence intensity, and the generated ripples are three dimensional; they are called decaying or turbulent ripples, which correlate well with the relative magnitude of the fluid shear stress and fluid acceleration.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Allen, J. R. L., “A Model for the Interpretation of Wave Ripple‐Marks Using Their Wavelength, Textural Composition, and Shape,” Journal of Geological Society, London, England, Vol. 136, 1979, pp. 673–682.
2.
Bagnold, R. A., “Motion of Waves in Shallow Water, Interaction between Waves and Sand Bottom,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 187, 1946, pp. 1–15.
3.
Carstens, M. R., Nielson, R. M., and Altinbilek, H. D., “Bed Forms Generated in the Laboratory under an Oscillatory Flow: Analytical and Experimental Study,” Technical Memo No. 28, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, 1969.
4.
Chan, K. W., Baird, M. H. I., and Round, G. F., “Behaviour of Beds of Dense Particles in a Horizontally Oscillating Liquid,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 330, 1972, pp. 537–559.
5.
Clifton, H. E., “Wave‐Formed Sedimentary Structures—A Conceptual Model,” Special Publication of Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, No. 24, 1976, pp. 126–148.
6.
Dingier, J. R., “Wave Formed Ripples in Nearshore Sands,” thesis presented to the University of California, at San Diego, Calif., in 1974, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
7.
Hom‐ma, M., and Horikawa, K., “Suspended Sediment Due to Wave Action,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Coastal Engineering, 1962, pp. 168–193.
8.
Horikawa, K., and Watanabe, A., “A Study on Sand Movement Due to Wave Action,” Coastal Engineering in Japan, Vol. 10, 1967, pp. 39–57.
9.
Inman, D. L., “Wave‐Generated Ripples in Nearshore Sands,” Technical Memo No. 100, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board, 1957.
10.
Inman, D. L., and Bowen, A. J., “Flume Experiments on Sand Transport by Waves and Currents,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Coastal Engineering, 1962, pp. 137–150.
11.
Kennedy, J. F., and Falcon, M., “Wave Generated Sediment Ripples,” Report No. 186, Hydrodynamics Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1965.
12.
Lofquist, K. E. B., “Sand Ripple Growth in an Oscillatory‐Flow Water Tunnel,” Technical Memo No. 78‐5, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, 1978.
13.
Manohar, M., “Mechanics of Bottom Sediment Movement Due to Wave Action,” Technical Memo No. 75, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board, 1955.
14.
Miller, M. C., and Komar, P., “A Field Investigation of the Relationship between Oscillation Ripple Spacing and the Near‐Bottom Water Orbital Motions,” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1980, pp. 183–191.
15.
Mogridge, G. R., “Wave Generated Wave Forms,” thesis presented to Queen's University, at Kingston, Canada, in 1972, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
16.
Mogridge, G. R., and Kamphuis, J. W., “Experiments on Bed Form Generation by Wave Action,” Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Vol. 2, 1972, pp. 1223–1142.
17.
Nielsen, P., “Some Basic Concepts of Wave Sediment Transport,” Series Paper No. 20, Institute of Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 1979.
18.
Sleath, J. F. A., “A Contribution of the Study of Vortex Ripples,” Journal of Hydraulics Research, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1975, pp. 315–328.
19.
Sleath, J. F. A., “On Rolling‐Grain Ripples,” Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1976, pp. 69–81.
20.
Vongvisessomjai, S., “Oscillatory Boundary Layer and Eddy Viscosity,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 4, Apr., 1984.
21.
Vongvisessomjai, S., “Regime of Oscillatory Flow,” to be published in the Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, ASCE.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 ASCE.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1984
Published in print: Mar 1984
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.