Bed-Shear Stress Characteristics of a Simple, Prismatic, Rectangular Channel
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 134, Issue 12
Abstract
This paper examines the use of data obtained from large eddy simulations in exploring the instantaneous characteristics of boundary shear stress. The probability density functions (PDF) of the shear stress are shown to be non-Gaussian, whereas the PDF of the shear force per unit length is found to be approximately Gaussian. Conditional sampling is used in order to provide an insight into the average behavior of an extreme shear stress event. Finally, proper orthogonal decomposition illustrates that the behavior of the shear stress is complex and cannot necessarily be attributed to a single major flow event.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers are grateful to Professor Knight for providing access to the experimental data used in this paper and to the anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the paper.
References
Admiraal, D. M. (1997). “Hot film shear stress measurements in laminar and turbulent flows.” Proc., J.F. Kennedy student paper competition, 27th Congress IAHR, IAHR, San Francisco.
ANSYS Inc. (2006). Ansys-CFX, version 10.0 Southpointe, Canonsburg, Pa.
Baker, C. J. (1999). “Aspects of the use of the technical of orthogonal decomposition of surface pressure fields.” Wind engineering into the 21st century, A. Larsen, G. L. Larose, and F. M. Livesey, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Baker, C. J. (2000). “Aspects of the use of proper orthogonal decomposition of surface pressure fields.” Wind Struct., 3(2), 97–115.
Beaman, F. L., Morvan, H. P., and Wright, N. G. (2008). “Large eddy simulation of flow in rectangular channels.” J. Fluids Eng., submitted.
Cheng, N. S. (2006). “Influence of shear stress fluctuation on bed particle mobility.” Phys. Fluids, 18, 096602-1–096602-7.
Cheng, N. S., and Law, A. W. K. (2003). “Fluctuations of turbulent bed-shear stress.” J. Eng. Mech., 129, 126–130.
Colella, K. J., and Keith, W. L. (2003). “Measurements and scaling of wall shear stress fluctuations.” Exp. Fluids, 34, 253–260.
Deardorff, J. W. (1971). “On the magnitude of the subgrid scale eddy viscosity coefficient.” J. Comput. Phys., 7, 120–133.
Ducros, F., Nicoud, F., and Poinsot, T. (1998). “Wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity models or simulations in complex geometries.” Numerical methods for fluid dynamics, Vol. VI, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Oxford, U.K., 293–299.
Fureby, C. (1995). “On sub-grid scale modeling in large eddy simulation of compressible fluid flow.” Phys. Fluids, 8(5), 1301–1311.
Germano, M., Piomelli, U., Moin, P., and Cabot, W. H. (1991). “A dynamic subgrid-scale eddy viscosity model.” Phys. Fluids A, 3(7), 1760–1765.
Geurts, B. J. (2004). Elements of direct and large eddy simulation, Edwards, Philadelphia.
Hofland, B., and Battjes, J. A. (2006). “Probability density function of instantaneous drag forces and shear stresses on a bed.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 132(11), 1169–1175.
James, P. W., Jones., T. E. R., and Stewart, D. M. (1996). “Numerical and experimental studies of annular flume flow.” Appl. Math. Model., 20, 225–231.
Kang, H., and Choi, S. (2006). “Reynolds stress modeling of rectangular open-channel flow.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 51, 1319–1334.
Keylock, C. J., Hardy, R. J., Parsons, D. R., Ferguson, R. I., Lane, S. N., and Richards, K. S. (2005). “The theoretical foundations and potential for large-eddy simulation (LES) in fluvial geomorphic and sedimentological research.” Earth-Sci. Rev., 71, 271–304.
Knight, D. W., Demetriou, J. D., and Hamed, M. E. (1984). “Boundary shear in smooth rectangular channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 110(4), 405–422.
Knight, D. W., and Sterling, M. (2000). “Boundary shear in circular pipes running partially full.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 126(4), 263–275.
Knight, D. W., Yuen, K. W. H., and Alhamid, A. A. I. (1994). “Boundary shear stress distributions in open channel flow.” Physical mechanisms of mixing and transport in the environment, K. Beven, P. Chatwin, and J. Millbank, eds., Chap. 4, Wiley, New York, 51–87.
Launder, B. E., and Spalding, D. B. (1974). “The numerical computation of turbulent flows.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 3, 269–289.
Libby, P. A., and Willimas, F. A. (1994). Turbulent reacting flows, Academic, New York.
Lilly, D. K. (1991). “A proposed modification of the Germano subgrid-scale closure method.” Phys. Fluids A, 4(3), 633–635.
Lundgren, H., and Jonsson, I. G. (1964). “Shear and velocity distribution in shallow channels.” J. Hydr. Div., 90(1), 1–21.
Moser, R. D., Kim, J., and Mansour, N. N. (1999). “Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow up to .” Phys. Fluids, 11, 943–945.
Nakayama, A., and Yokojima, S. (2002). “LES of open-channel flow with free-surface fluctuations.” An. J. Hydr. Res., JSCE, 46, 373–378.
Nezu, I., and Nakagawa, H. (1993). Turbulence in open channel flows, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Patel, V. C. (1965). “Calibration of the Preston tube and its limitations on its use in pressure gradients.” J. Fluid Mech., 23(1), 185–208.
Piomelli, U. (1999). “Large-eddy simulation: Achievements and challenges.” Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 35, 335–362.
Piomelli, U., Moin, P., and Ferziger, J. H. (1983). “Model consistency in large eddy simulation of turbulent flows.” Phys. Fluids, 31, 1884–1891.
Rhodes, D. G., and Knight, D. W. (1994). “Distribution of shear force on boundary of smooth rectangular duct.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 120(7), 787–807.
Salvetti, M. V., Zang, Y., Street, R. L., and Banerjee, S. (1997). “Large-eddy simulation of free-surface decaying turbulence with dynamic sub-grid scale models.” Phys. Fluids, 9(8), 2405–2419.
Sayers, P. B., Hall, J. W., and Meadowcroft, I. C. (2002). “Towards risk-based flood hazard management in the UK.” Proc., ICE Civil Engineering, 150, Paper No. 12803, May 2002, 36–42.
Smagorinsky, J. (1963). “General circulation experiments with the primitive equations.” Mon. Weather Rev., 93, 99–165.
Spalart, P. R. (2000). “Strategies for turbulence modeling and simulations.” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 21, 252–263.
Tennekes, H., and Lumley, J. (1972). A first course in turbulence, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Thomas, T. G., and Williams, J. (1995a). “Large eddy simulation of a symmetric trapezoidal channel at Reynolds number of 430,000.” J. Hydraul. Res., 33(6), 825–842.
Thomas, T. G., and Williams, J. (1995b). “Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in an asymmetric compound open channel.” J. Hydraul. Res., 33(1), 27–41.
Thomas, T. G., and Williams, J. (1999). “Large eddy simulation of flow in a rectangular open channel.” J. Hydraul. Res., 37(3), 345–361.
van Rijn, L. (1984). “Sediment pickup functions.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 110(10), 1494–1502.
Volkov, K. N. (2006). “Large eddy simulation in a fully developed turbulent flow in a channel and comparison of subgrid eddy viscosity models.” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 47(3), 330–339.
Vreman, A. W., Geurts, B. J., Deen, N. G., and Kuipers, J. A. M. (2004). “Large-eddy simulation of a particle-laden turbulent channel flow.” Direct and large-eddy simulation V, R. Friedrich, B. J. Geurts, and O. Metais, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 271–278.
Yang, S.-Q., and Lim, S.-Y. (1997). “Mechanism of energy transportation and turbulent flow in a 3D channel.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 123(8), 684–692.
Yu, G., and Tan, S. K. (2007). “Estimation of boundary shear stress distribution in open channels using flownet.” J. Hydraul. Res., 45(4), 486–496.
Zang, Y., Street, R. L., and Koseff, J. R. (1993). “A dynamic mixed subgrid-scale model and its application to turbulent recirculating flows.” Phys. Fluids A, 5, 3186–3196.
Zedler, E. A., and Street, R. L. (2001). “Large-eddy simulation of sediment transport, currents over ripples.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 127(6), 444–452.
Zheng, Y., and Jin, Y. C. (1998). “Boundary shear in rectangular ducts and channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 124(1), 86–89.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 134 • Issue 12 • December 2008
Pages: 1085 - 1094
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 18, 2007
Accepted: May 8, 2008
Published online: Dec 1, 2008
Published in print: Dec 2008
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Brett F. Sanders
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.