Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Pressure on Dams
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 116, Issue 6
Abstract
The dynamic interaction between nonlinear hydrodynamic pressures and the vibration of a concrete gravity dam is analyzed by coupling Euler's equations with a finite element model of the dam. The earthquake force components in the horizontal and vertical directions are cast as the forcing functions in the finite difference equations for fluid motion. The results are compared with those associated with a rigid dam motion. The pressure distributions are very sensitive to dam vibration and surface wave. For El Centra ground motion recorded on October 15, 1979, the calculated rise of the water surface on Pine Flat Dam was 8 ft (2.7 m), indicating a strong nonlinear effect on hydrodynamic pressures and the potential hazards of surface waves in the reservoir.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, J. G. (1985). “Two observations about low‐frequency signals on accelerograms from the October 15, 1979 Imperial Valley, California earthquake.” J. Earthquake Engrg. Struct. Dyn., 13, 97–108.
2.
Bathe, K. J., and Wilson, E. L. (1976). Numerical methods infinite element analysis, Prentice‐Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
3.
Chakrabarti, P., and Chopra, A. K. (1973). “Earthquake analysis of gravity dams including hydrodynamic interaction.” J. Earthquake Engrg. Struct. Dyn., 2, 143–160.
4.
Chen, B. F. (1989). “Dynamic forces on dams during earthquakes,” thesis presented to the University of Pittsburgh, at Pittsburgh, Pa., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
5.
Chopra, A. K. (1967). “Hydrodynamic pressures on dams during earthquakes.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 93, 205–223.
6.
Chopra, A. K., and Gupta, S. (1981). “Hydrodynamic and foundation interaction effects in earthquake response of a concrete gravity dam.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 107, 1399–1412.
7.
Chwang, A. T. (1978). “Hydrodynamic pressures on sloping dams during earthquakes: Part 2, Exact Theory.” J. Fluid Mech., 87, 343–348.
8.
Chwang, A. T. (1983). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure on an accelerating plate.” J. Physics Fluids, 26(2), 383–387.
9.
Chwang, A. T., and Housner, G. W. (1978). “Hydrodynamic pressures on sloping dams during earthquakes. Part 1, Momentum theory.” J. Fluid Mech., 87, 335–341.
10.
Fenves, G., and Chopra, A. K. (1984). “Earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams including reservoir bottom absorption and dam‐water‐foundation‐reservoir interaction.” J. Earthquake Engrg. Struct. Dyn., 12, 663–680.
11.
Hall, J. F., and Chopra, A. K. (1982). “Hydrodynamic effects in the dynamic pressure of concrete gravity dams.” J. Earthquake Engrg. Struct. Dyn., 10, 333–345.
12.
Hsieh, S. C., and Chain, L. (1963). “A pertubation solution of hydrodynamic pressures on sloped dams faces.” Shuili Xuebao, China, 4, Aug., 51–55.
13.
Humar, J., and Roufaiel, M. (1983). “Finite element analysis of reservoir viration.” J. Engrg. Mech., 109(1), 215–230.
14.
Hung, T. K., and Wang, M. H. (1987). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure on rigid dam motion.” J. Engrg. Mech., 113(4), 482–499.
15.
Liu, P. L.‐F. (1986). “Hydrodynamic pressures on rigid dams during earthquakes.” J. Fluid Mech., 165, 131–145.
16.
Macagno, E. O., and Hung, T. K. (1967). “Computational and experimental study of a captive annular eddy.” J. Fluid Mech., 28(1), 43–64.
17.
Porter, G. S., and Chopra, A. K. (1982). “Hydrodynamic effects in dynamic response of simple arch dams.” J. Earthquake Engrg. Struct. Dyn., 10, 417–431.
18.
Saini, S. S., Bettess, P., and Zienkiewicz, O. C. (1978). “Coupled hydrodynamic response of concrete gravity dam using finite and infinite elements.” J. Earthquake Engrg. Struct. Dyn., 6, 363–374.
19.
von Karman, T. (1933). “Discussion of water pressures on dams during earthquakes,” by H. M. Westergaard, Trans., ASCE, 98, 434–436.
20.
Wang, M. H. (1985). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic analysis on dam during earthquake,” thesis presented to the University of Pittsburgh, at Pittsburgh, Pa., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
21.
Wang, M. H., and Hung, T. K. (1990). “A three‐dimensional analysis of pressures on dams.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 116(6), 1290–1304.
22.
Westergaard, H. M. (1933). “Water pressures on dams during earthquakes.” Trans., ASCE, 98, 418–433.
23.
Yeh, C. S., and Ho, Y. C. (1984). “Earthquake induced water pressures on a gravitydam from a reservoir with inclined basin.” Proc. CCNCC‐AIT Joint Seminar on Res. for Multiple Hazards Mitigation, Nat. Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan, Taiwan, ROC, Mar., 107–133.
24.
Zangar, C. N. (1952). “Hydrodynamic pressures on dams due to horizontal earthquakes.” Proc., Soc. of Experimental Stress Analysis, 10, 93–102.
25.
Zeinkiewicz, O. C., and Newton, R. E. (1969). “Coupled vibrations of a structure submerged in compressible fluid.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Finite Element Techniques, Stuttgart, West Germany, 359–379.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1990
Published in print: Jun 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.