Bacillus Thuringiensis Fermentation of Primary and Mixed Sludge: Rheology and Process Performance
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 8
Abstract
Bench scale fermentation of primary, mixed, and secondary (raw and hydrolyzed) sludge and starch industry wastewater was carried out using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. kurstaki HD-1 to test their feasibility as potential growth substrates on the basis of rheology and process performance in comparison to soyameal (semisynthetic) commercial medium. All fermented media exhibited pseudoplastic pattern, followed power law for viscosity with greater shear thinning for primary sludge (raw and hydrolyzed). Improved rheology correlated well with the fermented broth morphology. The total cell and viable spore counts, oxygen consumption, maximum specific growth rate , and entomotoxicity were, respectively, 2, 4, 1.5–2, and 3 folds lower in primary sludge in contrast to mixed sludge, rendering primary sludge unsuitable as raw material for Bt fermentation and eventual formulation. Further, the rheology studies of secondary sludge and starch industry wastewater proved them to be good Bt fermentation alternatives.
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Acknowledgments
The writers are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant Nos. A4984 and STP235071, and Canada Research Chair) for financial support. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the writers. The writers thank Dr. Simon Barnabé for reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions in the preparation of this manuscript. They are also thankful to Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Forestry Service and Société de Protection des Forêts Contre les Insectes et Maladies (SOPFIM) for providing fellowship to Satinder K. Brar.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 8 • August 2008
Pages: 659 - 670
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Mar 30, 2006
Accepted: Jul 13, 2007
Published online: Aug 1, 2008
Published in print: Aug 2008
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