Spatial Analysis of Cone Penetration Test Measurement within Stadium Site

Point analyses of geotechnical measurement have been identified as a source of building errors. Unfortunately, more than 75% of building professionals continue to make this error. It is proposed here that beyond modifying supportive analytic tools (SAT) to interpret field measurement, there is a need to incorporate geographical information systems (GIS). At the Nya Ullevi Stadium in Gothenburg, Sweden, Eleven-point measurement of cone penetration testing (CPT) was carried out to a depth of 3 m using a 100-kN CPT machine with a 60° cone-shaped point. Aside from the soil profiling associated with CPT, spatial mapping was used to identify likely geological shifts/ground movements that may occur east to west and north to south. Localized pressure points (LPPs) were identified and traced to hard silty sandy clays. When these LPPs diverged, more LPPs occurred with relatively low cone resistance (CR) at the left side (northwest, southwest directions) and high CR at the right side (northeast, southeast directions). An undulating soil profile (based on CR magnitude) looks more like a sine wave pattern at $n=2/5$ and a cosine wave pattern at $n=4/5$. Soil movement in the construction site was nonuniform, leading to differential movement of the soil supporting the foundation. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that varying concrete quality for the construction of piles should be adopted due to the varying load distribution that may occur after stadium construction.