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Dec 27, 2023

Developing a PDA Head–Outflow Relationship from a Microscale Analysis

Authors: Sarai Díaz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1768 [email protected], Kevin Lansey, A.M.ASCE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-1433 [email protected], and Sasha Schück https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0575-3070 [email protected]Author Affiliations
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 150, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1061/JWRMD5.WRENG-6314
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Abstract

Pressure-driven analysis (PDA) frequently is adopted for water distribution system hydraulic simulation under pressure deficient conditions. Wagner’s equation is the most used head–outflow relationship (HOR) to represent the supply rate as a function of the available pressure. PDA simplifies the multiple outflow fixtures for spatially distributed customers represented by a node as a single orifice. It also assumes that all demands are flowrate based, neglecting the volumetric limits. This work demonstrates a methodology for developing HOR functions by building nodal demands from a microscale fixture by fixture analysis and determining actual supply at the hydraulic model node according to the responses in a small neighborhood of homes. Results are shown for a base case and for sensitivity tests of the number of homes, the value of the emitter coefficients, and human factors. Additional research is needed to precisely simulate fixture relationships and human responses at the household level and to identify the applicable range of pressures under which a PDA is necessary.

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Data Availability Statement

All data, models, and code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 150 • Issue 3 • March 2024

Copyright

© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.

History

Received: Jun 30, 2023
Accepted: Sep 12, 2023
Published online: Dec 27, 2023
Published in print: Mar 1, 2024
Discussion open until: May 27, 2024

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ASCE Technical Topics:

  1. Business management
  2. Continuum mechanics
  3. Dynamics (solid mechanics)
  4. Engineering fundamentals
  5. Engineering mechanics
  6. Flow (fluid dynamics)
  7. Fluid dynamics
  8. Fluid mechanics
  9. Human and behavioral factors
  10. Hydraulic engineering
  11. Hydraulic models
  12. Hydraulic networks
  13. Hydraulic pressure
  14. Hydraulic properties
  15. Hydraulic structures
  16. Hydrologic engineering
  17. Infrastructure
  18. Models (by type)
  19. Outflow
  20. Pipeline systems
  21. Pipes
  22. Practice and Profession
  23. Pressure (type)
  24. Pressure distribution
  25. Pressure pipes
  26. Solid mechanics
  27. Water and water resources
  28. Water management
  29. Water pressure
  30. Water supply
  31. Water supply systems

Authors

Affiliations

Sarai Díaz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1768 [email protected]
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1768. Email: [email protected]
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Kevin Lansey, A.M.ASCE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-1433 [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics, The Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85704. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-1433. Email: [email protected]
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Sasha Schück https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0575-3070 [email protected]
Consultant (Civil Engineering), SRK Consulting (U.S.), Inc., 3275 W Ina Rd. Suite 240, Tucson, AZ 85741. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0575-3070. Email: [email protected]
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