Evaluation of Urbanization Development Dynamics Based on Quadrilateral Diamond Structure Model: Evidence from Chongqing, China, in the New Era
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 149, Issue 3
Abstract
In the new era, the Chinese government has implemented a strategic arrangement of high-quality development and a dual circulation development pattern, which injects new content and driving force into China’s new urbanization. To reveal these changes, this paper constructs a quadrilateral diamond structure model of urbanization development dynamics of four-dimensional force + institutional force + innovation force, based on the comprehensive connotation of urbanization. Then the standard variance method and global principal component regression model are applied to empirically analyze the urbanization level and its development dynamics for Chongqing, a typical representative city of strategic importance in China, from 2000 to 2018. The results show that the following. (1) The urbanization level and all subsystems in Chongqing have shown a significant growth trend, of which the population and social subsystems have been maintaining relatively high growth rates, mapping the urbanization from a traditional efficiency-first economic growth model to a comprehensive benefit maximization model, focusing on people’s livelihood and sustainable development. (2) The urbanization of Chongqing in the new era is an endogenous growth-oriented model driven by administrative, market, intrinsic, exterior, innovational, and institutional forces. This reflects the diversified and contemporary characteristics of the driving forces of urbanization in the new era, as well as the rationality and superiority of the institutional arrangement of the Chinese government. (3) The quadrilateral diamond structure model, which is based on the endogenous growth of the two forces of institutions and scientific and technological innovation, reveals the regional attributes and contemporary characteristics of the driving forces of urbanization in the new era. It can illustrate the Chinese experience for world urbanization research, and provides basic material for the world to understand and explore the characteristics and patterns of China’s urbanization development.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bogue, D. J. 1959. Internal migration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Chen, M., W. Liu, and D. Lu. 2016. “Challenges and the way forward in China’s new-type urbanization.” Land Use Policy 55: 334–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.025.
China Agricultural Products Processing Industry Yearbook Editorial Committee. 2001–2019. China agricultural products processing industry yearbook. Beijing: China Agricultural Press.
Chongqing Statistical Bureau. 2001–2019a. Chongqing statistical yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
Chongqing Statistical Bureau. 2001–2019b. Chongqing statistical bureau. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
Cui, G., and L. J. C. Ma. 1999. “Urbanization from below in China: Its development and mechanisms.” [In Chinese.] Acta Geogr. Sin. 54 (2): 12–21. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb199902002.
Davis, K. 1965. “The urbanization of the human population.” Sci. Am. 213 (3): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.2307/588936.
Deng, S. 2021. “Exploring the relationship between new-type urbanization and sustainable urban land use: Evidence from prefecture-level cities in China.” Sustainable Comput. Inf. Syst. 30: 100446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2020.100446.
Eaton, J., and Z. Eckstein. 1997. “Cities and growth: Theory and evidence from France and Japan.” Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. 27 (4–5): 443–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-0462(97)80005-1.
Friedmann, J. 2006. “Four theses in the study of China’s urbanization.” Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. 30 (2): 440–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00671.x.
Gu, C. 2019. “Urbanization: Positive and negative effects.” Sci. Bull. 64 (5): 281–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.01.023.
Gu, C., C. Kesteloot, and I. G. Cook. 2015. “Theorising Chinese urbanisation: A multi-layered perspective.” Urban Stud. 52 (14): 2564–2580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014550457.
Gu, C., T. Yu, and W. Li. 2008. China’s urbanization: Pattern, process and mechanisms. Beijing: Scientific Press.
Guo, Y. T., H. W. Wang, P. Nijkamp, and J. G. Xu. 2015. “Space-time indicators in interdependent urban-environmental systems: A study on the Huai River Basin in China.” Habitat Int. 45 (P2): 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.030.
Huang, Y., Q. Qiu, Y. Sheng, X. Min, and Y. Cao. 2019. “Exploring the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment: A case study of Beijing.” Sustainability 11 (22): 6298. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226298.
Kuang, W. H., T. R. Yang, A. L. Liu, C. Zhang, D. S. Lu, and W. F. Chi. 2017. “An EcoCity model for regulating urban land cover structure and thermal environment: Taking Beijing as an example.” Sci. China Earth Sci. 60 (6): 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-9032-9.
Lampard, E. E. 1955. “The history of cities in the economically advanced areas.” Econ. Dev. Cult. Change 3 (2): 81–136. https://doi.org/10.1086/449680.
Lee, E. S. 1966. “A theory of migration.” Demography 3 (1): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063.
Lewis, W. A. 1954. “Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour.” Manchester School 22 (2): 139–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x.
Lin, G. C. S. 2006. “Peri-urbanism in globalizing China: A study of new urbanism in Dongguan.” Eurasian Geogr. Econ. 47 (1): 28–53. https://doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.47.1.28.
Lucas, R. E. 1988. “On the mechanics of economic development.” J. Monet. Econ. 22 (1): 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7.
National Bureau of Statistics. 2001–2019a. China city statistical yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
National Bureau of Statistics. 2001–2019b. China statistical yearbook on science and technology. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
Ohlin, B. G. 1933. Interregional and international trade. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Open to the Outside World Research Group of the International Cooperation Center of the National Development and Reform Commission. 2018. 40 years of China’s reform and opening up. Beijing: People’s Publishing House.
Ou, X., F. Zhen, Y. Qin, L. Zhu, and H. Wu. 2008. “Study on compression level and ideal impetus of regional urbanization: The case of Jiangsu Province.” [In Chinese.] Geogr. Res. 27 (5): 993–1002.
Ravenstein, E. G. 1885. “The laws of migration.” J. Stat. Soc. London 48 (2): 167–235. https://doi.org/10.2307/2979181.
Reid, W. V. C. 1989. “Sustainable development lessons from success.” Environment 31 (4): 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1989.9929948.
Romer, P. M. 1986. “Increasing returns and long-run growth.” J. Polit. Econ. 94 (5): 1002–1037. https://doi.org/10.1086/261420.
Scott, A., and M. Storper. 2003. “Regions, globalization, development.” Reg. Stud. 37 (6–7): 579–593. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000108697a.
Stouffer, S. A. 1940. “Intervening opportunities: A theory relating mobility and distance.” Am. Sociol. Rev. 5 (6): 845–867. https://doi.org/10.2307/2084520.
Sun, P., and N. Luo. 2021. “Comparative analysis on the quality of urbanization structure of central cities in Southwest Economic Core Area of China: Taking Chengdu-Chongqing as examples.” [In Chinese.] Sci. Geogr. Sin. 41 (6): 1019–1029. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.06.011.
Sun, P., W. Song, C. Xiu, and Z. Liang. 2013. “Non-coordination in China’s urbanization: Assessment and affecting factors.” Chin. Geogr. Sci. 23 (6): 729–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0634-5.
Taubenböck, H., A. Droin, I. Standfuß, F. Dosch, N. Sander, A. Milbert, S. Eichfuss, and M. Wurm. 2022. “To be, or not to be “urban”? A multi-modal method for the differentiated measurement of the degree of urbanization.” Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 95 (February): 101830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101830.
The State Council, The People's Republic of China. 2014. The National New Urbanization Plan (2014–2020). https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2014-03/16/content_2640075.htm.
Ullman, E. L. 1957. American commodity flow. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press.
Wang, J., S. Wang, S. Li, and K. Feng. 2019. “Coupling analysis of urbanization and energy-environment efficiency: Evidence from Guangdong province.” Appl. Energy 254 (July): 113650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113650.
Wang, S. J., H. Ma, and Y. B. Zhao. 2014. “Exploring the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment - A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.” Ecol. Indic. 45: 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.006.
Xu, D., and G. Hou. 2019. “The spatiotemporal coupling characteristics of regional urbanization and its influencing factors: Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an example.” Sustainability 11 (3): 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030822.
Zhou, Y. 1982. “Discussion on the regularity of the relationship between urbanization and Gross National Product.” [In Chinese.] Popul. Econ. 1: 28–33. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:RKJJ.0.1982-01-010.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 4, 2022
Accepted: Apr 5, 2023
Published online: Jul 4, 2023
Published in print: Sep 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Dec 4, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Analysis (by type)
- Business management
- Continuum mechanics
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Government
- Infrastructure
- Innovation
- Models (by type)
- Organizations
- Population projection
- Practice and Profession
- Regression analysis
- Solid mechanics
- Statistical analysis (by type)
- Structural dynamics
- Structural models
- Sustainable development
- Urban and regional development
- Urban areas
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.