Utilizing Wavelet Transforms for Analysis of Transmission Characteristics of Water-Hammer Vibration Waves in Pipelines Installed in Soil, Water, or Air Environments
Publication: Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 15, Issue 1
Abstract
Pipeline transportation is one of the major methods of transportation, widely used in various industries. Water hammer, a common vibration phenomenon in pipeline transport, has shown promising results in detecting leaks, blockages, and defects in pipelines. This study focuses on several aspects: (1) the vibration characteristics of pipeline water-hammer waves in air, water, and soil environments; (2) the vibration characteristics of pipeline water hammer in soil (sand and clay) with different collapse lengths; and (3) the use of wavelet transforms to analyze vibration signals under engineering conditions, assuming that the transmission characteristics of pipeline water-hammer waves are sensitive to the surrounding environment. The simulated water-hammer model was found to be approximately 90% accurate compared to the classical water-hammer formula, and was combined with the COMSOL simulation model and experimental verification. The experiment found that the attenuation rate of pipeline water-hammer waves in clay and water environments was 24% and 29%, respectively. Furthermore, under engineering conditions, the collapse length of pipelines in clay environments was more sensitive than in sand environments, which was consistent with the theoretical analysis and simulation results. These findings were further studied and summarized using wavelet analysis, highlighting their accuracy and applicability in the field of water-hammer detection.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China (Grant No. 232300421130), the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (G2021026027L), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1704155).
References
Adamkowski, A., S. Henclik, W. Janicki, and M. Lewandowski. 2017. “The influence of pipeline supports stiffness onto the water hammer run.” Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids 61 (Jan): 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.09.010.
Al-Shidhani, I., S. B. M. Beck, and W. J. Staszewski. 2003. “Leak monitoring in pipeline networks using wavelet analysis.” Key Eng. Mater. 245–246 (Jul): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.245-246.51.
Bergant, A., A. S. Tijsseling, J. P. Vítkovský, D. I. C. Covas, A. R. Simpson, and M. F. Lambert. 2008a. “Parameters affecting water-hammer wave attenuation, shape and timing—Part 1: Mathematical tools.” J. Hydraul. Res. 46 (3): 373–381. https://doi.org/10.3826/jhr.2008.2848.
Bergant, A., A. S. Tijsseling, J. P. Vítkovský, D. I. C. Covas, A. R. Simpson, and M. F. Lambert. 2008b. “Parameters affecting water-hammer wave attenuation, shape and timing—Part 2: Case studies.” J. Hydraul. Res. 46 (3): 382–391. https://doi.org/10.3826/jhr.2008.2847.
Cao, H., M. Mohareb, and I. Nistor. 2021. “Mechanical response of buried and covered pipes under water hammer.” Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip. 190 (Apr): 104310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2021.104310.
Chen, L., Z. Duan, W. Li, G. Yang, J. Jia, L. Ma, M. Li, Y. Zhong, H. Sun, and C. Jiang. 2022a. “Physical properties and boundary influence of singularity in fluid pipelines based on vibration wave’s transmission characteristics.” J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Pract. 13 (1): 04021066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000608.
Chen, Y., C. Zhao, Q. Guo, J. Zhou, Y. Feng, and K. Xu. 2022b. “Fluid-structure interaction in a pipeline embedded in concrete during water hammer.” Front. Energy Res. 10 (Jul): 956209. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.956209.
Costa, Y. D. J., J. G. Zornberg, and C. M. L. Costa. 2021. “Physical modeling of buried PVC pipes overlying localized ground subsidence.” Acta Geotech. 16 (3): 807–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01058-9.
Ghazali, M. F., S. B. M. Beck, J. D. Shucksmith, J. B. Boxall, and W. J. Staszewski. 2012. “Comparative study of instantaneous frequency based methods for leak detection in pipeline networks.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 29 (May): 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.10.011.
Hachem, F., and A. Schleiss. 2010. “Influence of local stiffness of conduits on water hammer propagation signal.” In Proc., 1st European IAHR Congress. Edinburgh, Scotland: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.
Halliwell, A. R. 1963. “Velocity of a water-hammer wave in an elastic pipe.” J. Hydraul. Div. 89 (4): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0000897.
Hao, T. Y. 2011. “Analysis of vibrating natural frequency of pressure pipeline.” Adv. Mater. Res. 421 (Feb): 98–101. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.421.98.
Henclik, S. 2018. “Numerical modeling of water hammer with fluid–structure interaction in a pipeline with viscoelastic supports.” J. Fluids Struct. 76 (Jan): 469–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2017.10.005.
Jia, Y., E. Me Dici, F. Just-Agosto, D. Serrano, and L. Castillo. 2005. “Water hammer induced vibration of a fluid filled pipe.” In Vol. 42282 of Proc., ASME Int. Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 119–125. New York: ASME.
Kumar, S., Z. Ahmad, U. C. Kothyari, and M. K. Mittal. 2010. “Discharge characteristics of a trench weir.” Flow Meas. Instrum. 21 (2): 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2010.01.002.
Meniconi, S., B. Brunone, M. Ferrante, and C. Massari. 2011. “Transient tests for locating and sizing illegal branches in pipe systems.” J. Hydroinf. 13 (3): 334–345. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2011.012.
Milne-Thomson, L. M. 1996. Theoretical hydrodynamics. New York: Dover Publications.
Nagai, M., K. Inaba, K. Takahashi, and K. Kishimoto. 2014. “Filtering effects of periodic structure in water hammer.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 566 (Aug): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.566.50.
Peng, X.-L., and H. Hao. 2012. “A numerical study of damage detection of underwater pipeline using vibration-based method.” Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 12 (3): 1250021. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455412500216.
Qiu, Y., X. Hu, F. Zhou, Z. Li, Y. Li, and Y. Luo. 2022. “Water hammer response characteristics of wellbore-fracture system: Multi-dimensional analysis in time, frequency and quefrency domain.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 213 (Jun): 110425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110425.
Shen, J. C., S. R. Zhao, and J. M. Chen. 2011. “The processing way of pipeline vibration signal based on wavelet transform.” Adv. Mater. Res. 317–319 (Aug): 1525–1528. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.317-319.1525.
Shiau, J., K. Mahalingasivam, B. Chudal, and S. Keawsawasvong. 2022. “Pipeline burst–related soil stability in collapse condition.” J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Pract. 13 (3): 04022019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000657.
Skalak, R. 1956. “An extension of the theory of water hammer.” Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. 78 (1): 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4013579.
Sreejith, B., K. Jayaraj, N. Ganesan, C. Padmanabhan, P. Chellapandi, and P. Selvaraj. 2004. “Finite element analysis of fluid–structure interaction in pipeline systems.” Nucl. Eng. Des. 227 (3): 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.11.005.
Tijsseling, A. S., and C. Lavooij. 1990. “Waterhammer with fluid-structure interaction.” Appl. Sci. Res. 47 (3): 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418055.
Walker, J. S., and J. W. Phillips. 1977. “Pulse propagation in fluid-filled tubes.” J. Appl. Mech. 44 (1): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3424009.
Wiggert, D. C., and A. S. Tijsseling. 2001. “Fluid transients and fluid-structure interaction in flexible liquid-filled piping.” Appl. Mech. Rev. 54 (5): 455–481. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1404122.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 15 • Issue 1 • February 2024
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 28, 2022
Accepted: Jul 21, 2023
Published online: Oct 4, 2023
Published in print: Feb 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Mar 4, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Continuum mechanics
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering mechanics
- Fluid mechanics
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hydrologic engineering
- Infrastructure
- Motion (dynamics)
- Pipeline hydraulics
- Pipeline management
- Pipeline systems
- Pipelines
- Soil analysis
- Soil dynamics
- Soil mechanics
- Soil properties
- Soil water
- Soil-pipe interaction
- Solid mechanics
- Vibration
- Water and water resources
- Water hammer
- Water pipelines
- Water waves
- Waves (fluid mechanics)
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.