Performance Improvement of Cold Recycled Bitumen Emulsion Mixture with Multicomponent Filler
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
Volume 150, Issue 3
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of poor mixture performance of cold recycled bitumen emulsion mixtures (CRBEM) during service, the improvement effects of air voids, 15°C indirect tensile strength (ITS), and immersion ITS of CRBEM were evaluated under the synergistic action of functional admixtures such as silica fume, microbeads, and water-reducing admixture based on orthogonal testing. The optimal mixing scheme was selected by verifying the mixture performance of CRBEM with functional admixtures. The micromorphology of cold recycled bitumen emulsion mortar under the optimal mixing scheme of multicomponent filler was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mortar morphology was analyzed and labeled. The results show that the maximum decrease of air voids of CRBEM with functional admixtures can reach 23.6%. The maximum increase of ITS and immersion ITS can reach 115% and 104%, respectively. When the stress ratio is 0.3, the fatigue life times of Groups 4 and 5 reach 49,495 and 48,772, respectively, which are 9.91 and 9.77 times higher than those of Group 1. Silica fume plays a leading role in multicomponent fillers. The synergistic effect of multiple admixtures in CRBEM is significantly better than that of single or double admixtures. The morphology of bitumen emulsion composite mortar under the optimal mixing scheme of a multicomponent filler is a three-dimensional dense skeleton structure. The multicomponent filler can effectively improve the size and length of the mortar crystal. The multicomponent filler adding method is recommended to improve the performance of CRBEM. The optimal mixing scheme of the multicomponent filler is 1.5% cement, 2.4% external water, 1.5% silica fume, 2.0% microbeads, and 0.5% water-reducing admixture.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to the platform support provided by Shenyang Jianzhu University and professors’ guidance for this research. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52278454).
Author contributions: Yanhai Yang: conceptualization, software, writing–review, and editing. Liang Yue: methodology, data curation, and writing–original draft preparation. Yiheng Xiong: methodology and writing–original draft preparation. Ye Yan: software, writing–review, and editing. Guanliang Chen: writing–original draft preparation. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
References
AASHTO. 1994. Standard test method for determining the resilient modulus of bituminous mixtures by indirect tension. TP 31-1994. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Ahlam, K. A., A. M. Zaid, and H. A. Haneen. 2020. “Effect of silica fume on cold mix asphalt mixture.” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 737 (Feb): 012147. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/737/1/012147.
AMR (Liaoning Administration for Market Regulation). 2015. Technical specifications for central plant cold recycling design and construction of asphalt pavement. DB 21/T 2448-2015. Shenyang, China: AMR.
Chinese Standard. 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. JTG E20-2011. West Conshohocken, PA: Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport.
Du, S. W. 2013a. “Effect of additives on pavement performance of cold recycled asphalt emulsion mixture.” J. Build. Mater. 16 (3): 534–538. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2013.03.029.
Du, S. W. 2013b. “Effect of different fillers on performance properties of asphalt emulsion mixture.” J. Test. Eval. 42 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20130020.
Du, S. W. 2015. “Performance characteristic of cold recycled mixture with asphalt emulsion and chemical additives.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015 (Mar): 271596. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/271596.
Fu, Q., K. Zheng, Y. Xie, X. Zhou, and F. Cai. 2014. “Effect of content of aluminum powder on pore morphology of cement and emulsified-asphalt binders.” J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 42 (10): 1260–1265. https://doi.org/10.7521/j.issn.0454-5648.2014.10.08.
Guo, M., M. Liang, A. Sreeram, A. Bhasin, and D. Luo. 2022. “Characterisation of rejuvenation of various modified asphalt binders based on simplified chromatographic techniques.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 23 (12): 4333–4343. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2021.1943743.
Guo, M., X. Yin, X. Du, and Y. Tan. 2023. “Effect of aging, testing temperature and relative humidity on adhesion between asphalt binder and mineral aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 363 (Mar): 129775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129775.
Hu, C., J. Feng, N. Zhou, J. Zhu, and S. Zhang. 2021. “Hydrochar from corn stalk used as bio-asphalt modifier: High-temperature performance improvement.” Environ. Res. 193 (Mar): 110157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110157.
Jiang, Y. J., R. X. Wang, P. Liu, and Z. J. Chen. 2020. “Effect of fiber on pavement performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture.” J. Dalian Univ. Technol. 60 (1): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.7511/dllgxb202001009.
Joni, H. H., and M. S. Hashim. 2018. “Evaluation silica fume addition on some properties of cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEMs).” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 433 (Nov): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/433/1/012021.
Li, Q., C. Zhu, H. Zhang, and S. Zhang. 2022. “Evaluation on long-term performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture incorporating fly ash by mechanistic and microscopic characterization.” Constr. Build. Mater. 319 (14): 126120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126120.
Lin, J., L. Huo, F. Xu, Y. Xiao, and J. Hong. 2018. “Development of microstructure and early-stage strength for 100% cold recycled asphalt mixture treated with emulsion and cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 189 (Nov): 924–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.064.
Liu, M., S. Han, J. Pan, and W. Ren. 2018. “Study on cohesion performance of waterborne epoxy resin emulsified asphalt as interlayer materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 177 (Jul): 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.043.
MOT (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2004. Technical specification for construction of highway asphalt pavements. JTG F40-2004. Beijing: MOT.
MOT (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. JTG E20-2011. Beijing: MOT.
MOT (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2017. Specifications for design of highway asphalt pavement. JTG D50-2017. Beijing: MOT.
MOT (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2019. Technical specifications for highway asphalt pavement recycling. JTG/T 5521-2019. Beijing: MOT.
Niazi, Y., and M. Jalili. 2009. “Effect of portland cement and lime additives on properties of cold in-place recycled mixtures with asphalt emulsion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (3): 1338–1343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.07.020.
Sun, J. X., L. P. Liu, and L. J. Sun. 2019. “Effect of fiber on fatigue performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 43 (1): 97–101. https://doi.org/10.3963/j.issn.2095-3844.2019.01.020.
Wang, D. C., P. W. Hao, R. X. Li, and N. Liu. 2020. “Experimental study on low temperature anti-cracking performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. (Transp. Sci. Eng.) 44 (1): 64–68. https://doi.org/10.3963/j.issn.2095-3844.2020.01.012.
Xiao, J. J., W. Jiang, W. L. Ye, J. Shan, and Z. Wang. 2019. “Effect of cement and emulsified asphalt contents on the performance of cement-emulsified asphalt mixture.” Constr. Build. Mater. 220 (Sep): 577–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.051.
Yang, W., J. Ouyang, Y. Meng, T. Tang, J. Chen, and B. Han. 2020. “Effect of superplasticizer and wetting agent on volumetric and mechanical properties of cold recycled mixture with asphalt emulsion.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020 (5): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6251653.
Yang, Y., Z. Sun, Y. Yang, L. Yue, and G. Chen. 2022a. “Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on performance and microstructure of cold recycled mixtures with asphalt emulsion.” Coatings 12 (6): 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060802.
Yang, Y., L. Yue, H. Cui, and Y. Yang. 2023a. “Simulation and evaluation of fatigue damage of cold recycled mixtures with bitumen emulsion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 364 (Jan): 129976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129976.
Yang, Y. H., Y. Yang, T. L. Qu, and S. Dong. 2016. “Mechanical behavior analysis of cold recycling emulsified asphalt used as bituminous concrete subsurface based on orthogonal designing.” J. Shenyang Jianzhu Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 32 (2): 288–297. https://doi.org/10.11717/j.issn:2095-1922.2016.02.12.
Yang, Y. H., L. Yue, and Y. Yang. 2023b. “Research on road performance prediction of cold recycled mixture under freeze-thaw based on ultrasonic method.” Forest Eng. 39 (1): 140–148. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8023.2023.01.017.
Yang, Y. H., L. Yue, H. Zhang, and Y. Yang. 2022b. “Equivalent thickness coefficient of cold central plant recycling pavement structure.” Stavební Obzor-Civ. Eng. J. 31 (2): 249–259. https://doi.org/10.14311/cej.2022.02.0019.
Yue, L. 2023. Multi-scale freeze-thaw damage mechanism of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture with multi-component filler. Shenyang, China: Shenyang Jianzhu Univ.
Zhang, J., M. Zheng, J. Pei, J. Zhang, and R. Li. 2020. “Research on low temperature performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture and improvement measures based on fracture energy.” Materials 13 (14): 3176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143176.
Zhu, C., H. Zhang, H. Guo, C. Wu, and C. Wei. 2019. “Effect of gradations on the final and long-term performance of asphalt emulsion cold recycled mixture.” J. Cleaner Prod. 217 (Apr): 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.264.
Zhu, X. B., J. X. Hong, and W. Li. 2018. “Adsorption behaviors of superplasticizer and emulsified asphalt in cement-asphalt mortar.” J. Harbin Inst. Technol. 50 (9): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201706184.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
Volume 150 • Issue 3 • September 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 29, 2022
Accepted: Jan 18, 2024
Published online: Apr 16, 2024
Published in print: Sep 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Sep 16, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.