Research on the Dielectric Properties of Asphalt Concrete Based on Equivalent Circuit Modeling
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 10
Abstract
The nondestructive testing of asphalt pavement using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is based on studies on the dielectric properties of asphalt concrete. The equivalent circuit concept was used in this study, where different mediums are equivalent to a single multilayer medium. The capacitance of each layer medium was used to derive the composite dielectric constant. Using the open coaxial probe method, the dielectric constants of AC-13 and AC-16 concrete composed of No. 70, No. 90, and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)–modified asphalt binder were measured. The results reveal that the dielectric constant of asphalt concrete falls as the binder-aggregate ratio increases, and the change in aggregate volume ratio is the most important element in determining its dielectric constant. For every 1% increase in the binder-aggregate ratio, the dielectric constant of asphalt concrete typically decreases by 0.094, while the volume ratio of asphalt binder increases by 1.39%. In addition, the volume ratios of aggregate and air decreased by 1.05% and 0.33%, respectively. When it comes to estimating the dielectric constant of asphalt concrete, the developed model outperforms the conventional dielectric model with an average relative error of roughly 1%. This model successfully improved the prediction accuracy of the dielectric properties of asphalt concrete materials, which is significant for GPR-based asphalt pavement quality assessment.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51878624), Central Plains Talent Program—Leading Talents in Science and Technology Innovation in Central Plains (Grant No. 234200510014), Central Plains Talent Program—Leading Talents in Basic Research in Central Plains, and Funding Program for Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province (Grant No. 22A580004).
References
Baltrusaitis, A., A. Vaitkus, and J. Zidanaviciute. 2022. “Asphalt pavement compaction control: Relevance of laboratory and non-destructive testing methods of density.” Balt. J. Road Bridge Eng. 17 (1): 143–166. https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.5552022/17.
Bano, M. 2004. “Modelling of GPR waves for lossy media obeying a complex power law of frequency for dielectric permittivity.” Geophys. Prospect. 52 (1): 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2004.00397.x.
Benedetto, A., and S. Pensa. 2007. “Indirect diagnosis of pavement structural damages using surface GPR reflection techniques.” J. Appl. Geophys. 62 (2): 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.09.001.
Böttcher, C. J. F. 1973. Vol. 1 of Theory of electric polarization: Dielectrics in static fields. 2nd ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Cao, Q. Q., and I. L. Al-Qadi. 2022. “Effect of moisture content on calculated dielectric properties of asphalt concrete pavements from ground-penetrating radar measurements.” Remote Sens. 14 (1): 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010034.
Chang, C.-M., J.-S. Chen, and T.-B. Wu. 2011. “Dielectric modeling of asphalt mixtures and relationship with density.” Transp. Eng. J. ASCE. 137 (2): 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000204.
Cui, L. L., T. Q. Ling, F. Sun, Z. Y. Zhang, and J. Z. Xin. 2022. “Study of in situ dynamic modulus prediction of asphalt mixture utilizing ground penetrating radar technology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 350 (Oct): 128695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128695.
Dalton, F. N., W. N. Herkelrath, D. S. Rawlins, and J. D. Rhoades. 1984. “Time-domain reflectometry—Simultaneous measurement of soil-water content and electrical-conductivity with a single probe.” Science 224 (4652): 989–990. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.224.4652.989.
De Coster, A., A. Van der Wielen, C. Grégoire, and S. Lambot. 2018. “Evaluation of pavement layer thicknesses using GPR: A comparison between full-wave inversion and the straight-ray method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 168 (Apr): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.100.
Fan, J. W., T. Ma, Y. J. Zhu, and Y. M. Zhang. 2023. “Ground penetrating radar detection of buried depth of pavement internal crack in asphalt surface: A study based on multiphase heterogeneous model.” Measurement 221 (Nov): 113531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113531.
Fauchard, C., B. Li, L. Laguerre, B. Héritier, N. Benjelloun, and M. Kadi. 2013. “Determination of the compaction of hot mix asphalt using high-frequency electromagnetic methods.” NDT & E Int. 60 (Dec): 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2013.07.004.
Leng, Z., I. L. Al-Qadi, and S. Lahouar. 2011. “Development and validation for in situ asphalt mixture density prediction models.” NDT & E Int. 44 (4): 369–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.03.002.
Li, J.-H. 1989. “New formula of mixtures dielectric constant.” [In Chinese.] Acta Geophys. Sin. 32 (6): 716–719.
Ling, T., L. Cui, Q. Chen, and C. Mou. 2019. “Review of the research of using ground penetrating radar to measure compactness and volume of air voids of asphalt mixture.” [In Chinese.] Prog. Geophys. 34 (6): 2467–2480.
Looyenga, H. 1965. “Dielectric constants of heterogeneous mixtures.” Physica 31 (3): 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(65)90045-5.
Meng, M., and F. Wang. 2013. “Theoretical analyses and experimental research on a cement concrete dielectric model.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25 (12): 1959–1963. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000755.
MOT (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. [In Chinese.] JTG E20-2011. Beijing: MOT.
Pei, Y. F., Y. C. Guo, A. Q. Shen, and S. C. Mao. 2023. “Uniformity evaluation of asphalt pavements in hot and humid areas based on ground-penetrating radar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131432.
Pellinen, T., E. Huuskonen-Snicker, P. Eskelinen, and P. Olmos Martinez. 2015. “Representative volume element of asphalt pavement for electromagnetic measurements.” J. Traffic Transp. Eng. 2 (1): 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2015.01.003.
Plati, C., and A. Loizos. 2013. “Estimation of in-situ density and moisture content in HMA pavements based on GPR trace reflection amplitude using different frequencies.” J. Appl. Geophys. 97 (Oct): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.04.007.
Rayleigh, L. 1892. “LVI. On the influence of obstacles arranged in rectangular order upon the properties of a medium.” London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 34 (211): 481–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786449208620364.
Shang, J. Q. 2011. “Effects of asphalt pavement properties on complex permittivity.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 3 (4): 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/1029843021000041140.
Songtao, L., Z. Bei, Z. Yanhui, and L. Xiaolong. 2018. “Three-phase volume ratio inversion of asphalt concrete based on genetic algorithm.” In Proc., 2018 14th Int. Conf. on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD), 85–90. New York: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2018.8687267.
Steiner, T., K. Hoegh, E. Z. Teshale, and S. Dai. 2020. “Method for assessment of modeling quality for asphalt dielectric constant to density calibration.” J. Transp. Eng. Part B-Pavements 146 (3): 04020054. https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000210.
Sun, J.-T., X.-J. Guo, and X.-W. Zhang. 2012. “Research on dielectric properties of asphalt concrete with GPR.” In Proc., 2012 14th Int. Conf. on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), 542–545. New York: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icgpr.2012.6254923.
Teshale, E. Z., K. Hoegh, S. T. Dai, R. Giesse, and C. Turgeon. 2020. “Ground penetrating radar sensitivity to marginal changes in asphalt mixture composition” J. Test. Eval. 48 (3): 2295–2310. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20190486.
Wang, D. W., C. S. Ye, H. T. Lv, L. P. Meng, F. J. Tang, Y. W. Ni, and P. F. Liu. 2023. “Dielectric model of asphalt pavement materials towards the future electrified road.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 381 (2254): 20220164. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0164.
Wang, S. Q., X. Sui, Z. Leng, J. W. Jiang, and G. Y. Lu. 2022. “Asphalt pavement density measurement using non-destructive testing methods: Current practices, challenges, and future vision.” Constr. Build. Mater. 344 (Aug): 128154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128154.
Xiong, X. T., S. Q. Xiao, Y. Q. Tan, X. N. Zhang, D. J. Zhang, M. Z. Han, and W. Wang. 2021. “Estimation of density and moisture content in asphalt mixture based on dielectric property.” Constr. Build. Mater. 298 (Sep): 123518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123518.
Xu, Y., D. Hua, J. Wang, and J. Li. 2021. “Research on application of ground penetrating radar in road inspection.” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 781 (2): 022019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/781/2/022019.
Xue, Q. Z. 2004. “Effective dielectric constant of composite with interfacial shells.” Physica B 344 (1–4): 129–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2003.05.001.
Yang, B., Z. Dai, D. Zhang, C. Cheng, L. Guo, and X. Guo. 2020. “Research on algorithm of equivalent dielectric properties of polymetallic minerals.” [In Chinese.] Acta Mineralogica Sinica. 40 (1): 9–15.
Yu, X., R. Luo, T. Huang, Y. Shu, and L. Ruan. 2022. “Moisture content prediction model of asphalt mixtures based on dielectric properties.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 34 (4): 04022020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004155.
Yu, X., R. Luo, J. Wang, and B. Wang. 2021. “Influence of relative humidity on the dielectric properties of asphalt mixture.” [In Chinese.] J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Nat. Sci. 49 (1): 106–109.
Zhai, Y., B. Zhang, F. Wang, Y. Zhong, and X. Li. 2019. “Composite dielectric model of asphalt mixtures considering mineral aggregate gradation.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (6): 04019091. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002642.
Zhai, Y. Y., Y. H. Zhong, B. Zhang, F. M. Wang, and X. L. Li. 2018. “Predicting the dielectric properties based on micromechanical modeling for asphalt mastics.” AIP Adv. 8 (12): 125311. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5075497.
Zhang, B., Y. Ni, and Y. Zhong. 2023. “Theoretical derivation of and experimental investigations into the dielectric properties modeling of concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 35 (3): 04022445. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004624.
Zhong, Y., P. Wang, B. Zhang, C. Cao, X. Du, D. Duan, Y. Ni, and Y. Wang. 2023. “Composite dielectric model for cement concrete considering water saturation.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 35 (7): 04023170. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-15174.
Zhong, Y., Y. Wang, B. Zhang, X. Li, S. Li, Y. Zhong, M. Hao, Y. Gao, and J. Ren. 2020. “Prediction model of asphalt content of asphalt mixture based on dielectric properties.” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2020 (Dec): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6661593.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 31, 2023
Accepted: Feb 16, 2024
Published online: Jul 24, 2024
Published in print: Oct 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Dec 24, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Asphalt concrete
- Asphalt pavements
- Communication systems
- Composite materials
- Concrete pavements
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Engineering mechanics
- Equipment and machinery
- Errors (statistics)
- Fiber reinforced composites
- Infrastructure
- Lifeline systems
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Mathematics
- Pavements
- Radar
- Statistics
- Transportation engineering
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.