An Experimental Investigation on Shear Strength, Deformation, and Particle Breakage of Carbonate Sand–Concrete Interface through Direct Shear Tests Subjected to Monotonic–Cyclic Thermal Loadings
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 11
Abstract
This paper presents the influence of temperature on the shear response of the carbonate sand–concrete interface to better understand the behavior of energy piles drilled in sandy soils. Direct shear tests were performed on a carbonate sand–concrete interface under monotonic (8°C, 13°C, and 18°C) and cyclic (8°C–18°C) thermal loadings. The monotonic temperature has no impact on the shear stress mobilization. The 10 cyclic thermal cycles result in an overall slight compaction on the sand samples. Sand particle breakage is evaluated by analyzing particle size distribution curves before and after the shear tests. Very few sand particles are crushed during the tests. Shearing under higher normal stress results in more particle breakage; however, the breakage is expected but not significant. The variation of interface friction angles is small after monotonic and cyclic temperature loadings, indicating that the effect of temperature on the friction angles of carbonate sand–concrete interface is nearly negligible.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The work reported here is supported by the Open Sharing Fund for the Large-scale Instruments and Equipments of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
References
Alba, J., and J. Audibert. 1999. “Pile design in calcareous and carbonaceous granular materials, and historic review.” In Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Engineering for Calcareous Sediments, 29–44. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Al-Douri, R. H., and H. G. Poulos. 1992. “Static and cyclic direct shear tests on carbonate sands.” Geotech. Test. J. 15 (2): 138–157. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10236J.
Coop, M. 1990. “The mechanics of uncemented carbonate sands.” Géotechnique 40 (4): 607–626. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1990.40.4.607.
Coop, M., K. Sorensen, T. Bodas Freitas, and G. Georgoutsos. 2004. “Particle breakage during shearing of a carbonate sand.” Géotechnique 54 (3): 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2004.54.3.157.
Datta, M., S. K. Gulhati, and G. V. Rao. 1979. “Crushing of calcareous sands during shear.” In Proc., 11th Annual Offshore Technical Conf. Richardson, TX: OnePetro.
Di Donna, A., A. Ferrari, and L. Laloui. 2016. “Experimental investigations of the soil–concrete interface: Physical mechanisms, cyclic mobilization, and behaviour at different temperatures.” Can. Geotech. J. 53 (4): 659–672. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0294.
Guo, Y., A. Golchin, M. A. Hicks, S. Liu, G. Zhang, and P. J. Vardon. 2023. “Experimental investigation of soil–structure interface behaviour under monotonic and cyclic thermal loading.” Acta Geotech. 2023 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01781-5.
Hardin, B. O. 1985. “Crushing of soil particles.” J. Geotech. Eng. 111 (10): 1177–1192. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1985)111:10(1177).
Hu, L., and J. Pu. 2004. “Testing and modeling of soil-structure interface.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 130 (8): 851–860. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:8(851).
Idries, A., I. Ghaaowd, and M. Abu-Farsakh. 2020. “Effect of one cycle of heating-cooling on the clay-concrete pile interface behavior.” In Proc., E3S Web of Conf. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences.
Ke, L., H. Yang, and C. Guo-xing. 2020. “Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of coral sand from Nansha Islands.” Rock Soil Mech. 41 (1): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2018.7359.
Li, Y., Z. Guo, L. Wang, Z. Ye, C. Shen, and W. Zhou. 2021. “Interface shear behavior between MICP-treated calcareous sand and steel.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 33 (2): 04020455. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003549.
Liu, X., S. Li, L. Sun, and T. Li. 2022. “Mechanical behavior and particle crushing of carbonate sand in simple shear tests.” Int. J. Geomech. 22 (7): 06022011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002411.
Lv, Y., J. Liu, and Z. Xiong. 2019. “One-dimensional dynamic compressive behavior of dry calcareous sand at high strain rates.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 11 (1): 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.04.013.
Paikowsky, S. G., C. M. Player, and P. J. Connors. 1995. “A dual interface apparatus for testing unrestricted friction of soil along solid surfaces.” Geotech. Test. J. 18 (2): 168–193. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10320J.
Porcino, D., G. Caridi, and V. Ghionna. 2008. “Undrained monotonic and cyclic simple shear behaviour of carbonate sand.” Géotechnique 58 (8): 635–644. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00036.
Porcino, D., V. Marcianò, and V. Nicola Ghionna. 2009. “Influence of cyclic pre-shearing on undrained behaviour of carbonate sand in simple shear tests.” Geomech. Geoeng. 4 (2): 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486020902855662.
Potyondy, J. G. 1961. “Skin friction between various soils and construction materials.” Géotechnique 11 (4): 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1961.11.4.339.
Pra-ai, S., and M. Boulon. 2017. “Soil–structure cyclic direct shear tests: A new interpretation of the direct shear experiment and its application to a series of cyclic tests.” Acta Geotech. 12 (1): 107–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-016-0456-6.
Prabhakara, B. K. K., P. V. Guda, and U. Balunaini. 2020. “Interface shear stress properties of geogrids with mixtures of fly ash and granulated rubber.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (12): 06020020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003496.
Rui, S., L. Wang, Z. Guo, W. Zhou, and Y. Li. 2021. “Cyclic behavior of interface shear between carbonate sand and steel.” Acta Geotech. 16 (1): 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01002-x.
Safinus, S., M. Hossain, and M. Randolph. 2013. “Comparison of stress-strain behaviour of carbonate and silicate sediments.” In Proc., 18th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 267–270. Paris: Presses des Ponts.
Shahnazari, H., Y. Jafarian, M. A. Tutunchian, and R. Rezvani. 2016. “Undrained cyclic and monotonic behavior of Hormuz calcareous sand using hollow cylinder simple shear tests.” Int. J. Civ. Eng. 14 (4): 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0021-6.
Tong, C.-X., G. J. Burton, S. Zhang, and D. Sheng. 2020. “Particle breakage of uniformly graded carbonate sands in dry/wet condition subjected to compression/shear tests.” Acta Geotech. 15 (9): 2379–2394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00931-x.
Tong, C.-X., Z.-L. Dong, Q. Sun, S. Zhang, J.-X. Zheng, and D. Sheng. 2022. “On compression behavior and particle breakage of carbonate silty sands.” Eng. Geol. 297 (Apr): 106492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106492.
Tsubakihara, Y., H. Kishida, and T. Nishiyama. 1993. “Friction between cohesive soils and steel.” Soils Found. 33 (2): 145–156. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.33.2_145.
Uesugi, M., and H. Kishida. 1986. “Frictional resistance at yield between dry sand and mild steel.” Soils Found. 26 (4): 139–149. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.26.4_139.
Vargas, W. L., and J. J. McCarthy. 2007. “Thermal expansion effects and heat conduction in granular materials.” Phys. Rev. E 76 (4): 041301. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.76.041301.
Vasilescu, A. R., A.-L. Fauchille, C. Dano, P. Kotronis, R. Manirakiza, and P. Gotteland. 2018. “Impact of temperature cycles at soil–concrete interface for energy piles.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Energy Geotechnics, 35–42. Berlin: Springer.
Vasilescu, R., K. Yin, A.-L. Fauchille, P. Kotronis, C. Dano, R. Manirakiza, and P. Gotteland. 2019. “Influence of thermal cycles on the deformation of soil-pile interface in energy piles.” In Proc., E3S Web of Conf. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences.
Wang, G., Z. Wang, Q. Ye, and X. Wei. 2020. “Particle breakage and deformation behavior of carbonate sand under drained and undrained triaxial compression.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (3): 04020012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001601.
Wang, X.-Z., Y.-Y. Jiao, R. Wang, M.-J. Hu, Q.-S. Meng, and F.-Y. Tan. 2011. “Engineering characteristics of the calcareous sand in Nansha Islands, South China Sea.” Eng. Geol. 120 (1–4): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.03.011.
Wu, Y., N. Li, X. Wang, J. Cui, Y. Chen, Y. Wu, and H. Yamamoto. 2021. “Experimental investigation on mechanical behavior and particle crushing of calcareous sand retrieved from South China Sea.” Eng. Geol. 280: 105932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105932.
Yavari, N., A. M. Tang, J.-M. Pereira, and G. Hassen. 2016. “Effect of temperature on the shear strength of soils and the soil–structure interface.” Can. Geotech. J. 53 (7): 1186–1194. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0355.
Yin, K. 2021. Influence of clay fraction on the mechanical behavior of a soil-concrete interface. Nantes, France: École centrale de Nantes.
Yin, K., Z. Cheng, J. Liu, and A. Chen. 2023. “Shear properties of LHS-1 and LMS-1 Lunar regolith simulants.” Planet. Space Sci. 226 (Jun): 105630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2022.105630.
Yin, K., A.-L. Fauchille, E. Di Filippo, P. Kotronis, and G. Sciarra. 2021a. “A review of sand–clay mixture and soil–structure interface direct shear test.” Geotechnics 1 (2): 260–306. https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics1020014.
Yin, K., J. Liu, J. Lin, A.-R. Vasilescu, K. Othmani, and E. Di Filippo. 2021b. “Interface direct shear tests on JEZ-1 mars regolith simulant.” Appl. Sci. 11 (15): 7052. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11157052.
Yin, K., R. Vasilescu, A.-L. Fauchille, and P. Kotronis. 2020. “Thermal effects on the mechanical behavior of Paris green clay–concrete interface.” In Proc., E3S Web of Conf. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences.
Yu, F. 2018. “Particle breakage in triaxial shear of a coral sand.” Soils Found. 58 (4): 866–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.04.001.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 11 • November 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 7, 2022
Accepted: Apr 7, 2023
Published online: Sep 5, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 5, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Carbonation
- Chemical processes
- Chemistry
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Environmental engineering
- Laboratory tests
- Load tests
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Measurement (by type)
- Particles
- Shear strength
- Shear stress
- Shear tests
- Strength of materials
- Stress (by type)
- Structural analysis
- Structural engineering
- Temperature effects
- Temperature measurement
- Tests (by type)
- Thermal loads
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.