Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Modified with Shear Thickening Fluid
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 7
Abstract
This paper aims at using a dilatant or shear thickening fluid (STF) [a non-Newtonian fluid consisting of particles of nano-silica suspended in a liquid medium, i.e., ethylene glycol (EG), which acts as a carrier fluid; proportion 40:60] as additive or modifier of bitumen in order to enhance its viscoelastic properties. A commonly-used performance grading (PG) system, storage stability test, and different conventional and rheological tests were carried out to optimize the dosage of the STF into the bitumen (investigating the influence of 2%, 4%, and 6% of STF on the bitumen) and to define the related properties. The results show that using 4% STF by weight of the binder (an asphalt binder with an penetration grade) improves high-temperature viscoelastic properties and bitumen performance grading.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data used in this research appear in the published article.
References
AASHTO. 2007. Standard method of test for determining the fatigue life of compacted hot-mix asphalt (HMA) subjected to repeated flexural bending. AASHTO T321. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022. Standard method of test for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AASHTO T315. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Al-Adham, K., and H. Al-Abdul Wahhab. 2018. “Influence of temperature on values of polymer modified asphalt binders.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 11 (6): 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2018.01.001.
Alhaddad, A. 2015. “Construction of a complex shear modulus master curve for Iraqi asphalt binder using a modified sigmoidal fitting.” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. Res. 4 (4): 682–690.
Al-Hadidy, A. I., and T. Yi-qiu. 2011. “Effect of styrene-butadiene-styrene on the properties of asphalt and stone-matrix-asphalt mixture.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23 (4): 504–510. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000185.
Ameri, M., M. Vamegh, H. Rooholamini, and F. Haddadi. 2018. “Investigating effects of nano/SBR polymer on rutting performance of binder and asphalt mixture.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018 (Sep): 5891963. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5891963.
Anurag, K., F. Xiao, and S. N. Amirkhanian. 2009. “Laboratory investigation of indirect tensile strength using roofing polyester waste fibers in hot mix asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (5): 2035–2040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.018.
Arabani, M., S. M. Mirabdolazimi, and A. R. Sasani. 2010. “The effect of waste tire thread mesh on the dynamic behaviour of asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (6): 1060–1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.11.011.
ASTM. 2008. Standard test method for resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the los angeles machine. ASTM C 131. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013. Standard test method for soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. ASTM C 88. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for sand equivalent value of soils and fine aggregate. ASTM D 2419. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test method for relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of coarse aggregate. ASTM C 127. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017a. Standard specification for uncompacted void content of fine aggregate (as influenced by particle shape, surface texture, and grading). ASTM C 1252. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017b. Standard test method for determining the percentage of fractured particles in coarse aggregate. ASTM D 5821. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019. Standard test method for settlement and storage stability of emulsified asphalts. ASTM D 6930. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Atif, R., and F. Inam. 2016. “Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers.” Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 7 (1): 1174–1196. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.109.
Bahia, H., R. Moraes, and R. Velasquez. 2012. “The effect of bitumen stiffness on the adhesive strength measured by the bitumen bond strength test.” In Proc., 5th Eurasphalt Eurobitume Congress Istanbul, Turkey. Brussels, Belgium: EAPA and Eurobitume.
Boersma, W. H., J. Laven, and H. N. Stein. 1995. “Computer simulations of shear thickening of concentrated dispersions.” J. Rheol. 39 (5): 841–860. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550621.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 1990a. Methods for determination of particle shape—Elongation index of coarse aggregate. EN 812.109. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 1990b. Methods for determination of particle shape—Flakiness index of coarse aggregate. EN 812.108. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2012. Bituminous mixtures. Test methods for hot mix asphalt. Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen. EN 12697-11. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2016. Bituminous mixtures. Test methods cyclic compression test, European standard. EN 12697-25. London: BSI.
Cao, W. 2007. “Study on properties of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt mixtures using dry process.” Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (5): 1011–1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.02.004.
Chong, D., Y. Wang, Z. Dai, X. Chen, D. Wang, and M. Oeser. 2018. “Multiobjective optimization of asphalt pavement design and maintenance decisions based on sustainability principles and mechanistic-empirical pavement analysis.” Int. J. Sustainable Transp. 12 (6): 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2017.1392657.
Cong, P., S. Chen, and H. Chen. 2012. “Effects of diatomite on the properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (May): 495–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.011.
Cortizo, M. S., D. O. Larsen, H. Bianchetto, and J. L. Alessandrini. 2004. “Effect of the thermal degradation of SBS copolymers during the ageing of modified asphalts.” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 86 (2): 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.05.006.
Faramarzi, M., M. Arabani, A. K. Haghi, and V. Motaghitalab. 2013. “A study on the effects of CNT’s on hot mix asphalt marshal-parameters.” In Proc., 7th SASTech, 1–9. Iran, Bandar Abbas: Univ. of Hormozgan.
Fini, E. H., P. Hajikarimi, M. Rahi, and F. M. Nejad. 2016. “Physiochemical, rheological, and oxidative aging characteristics of asphalt binder in the presence of mesoporous silica nanoparticles.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (2): 04015133. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001423.
Fischer, C., S. A. Braun, P. E. Bourban, V. Michaud, C. J. G. Plummer, and J. A. E. Månson. 2006. “Dynamic properties of sandwich structures with integrated shear-thickening fluids.” Smart Mater. Struct. 15 (5): 1467. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/5/036.
Hansen, K. R., R. B. McGennis, B. Prowell, and A. Stonex. 2000. “Current and future use of non-bituminous components of bituminous paving mixtures.” In Transportation in the new millennium. Washington, DC: Eno Transportation Foundation.
Khattak, M. J., A. Khattab, H. R. Rizvi, and P. Zhang. 2012. “The impact of carbon nano-fiber modification on asphalt binder rheology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (May): 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.022.
Khattak, M. K. A., and H. Rizvi. 2011. “Mechanistic characteristics of asphalt binder and asphalt matrix modified with nano-fibers.” In Proc., Geo-Frontiers 2011: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, 4812–4822. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Liu, Y., A. Apeagyei, N. Ahmad, J. Grenfell, and G. Airey. 2014. “Examination of moisture sensitivity of aggregate-bitumen bonding strength using loose asphalt mixture and physico-chemical surface energy property tests.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 15 (7): 657–670. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2013.855312.
Maranzano, B. J., and N. J. Wagner. 2002. “Flow-small angle neutron scattering measurements of colloidal dispersion microstructure evolution through the shear thickening transition.” J. Chem. Phys. 117 (22): 10291–10302. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1519253.
Moraes, R., R. Velasquez, and H. Bahia. 2011. “Measuring the effect of moisture on asphalt-aggregate bond with the bitumen bond strength test.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2209 (1): 70–81. https://doi.org/10.3141/2209-09.
NHA (National Highway Authority). 1998. NHA general specification. Sindh, Pakistan: NHA.
Peters, S. J., T. S. Rushing, E. N. Landis, and T. K. Cummins. 2010. “Nanocellulose and microcellulose fibers for concrete.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2142 (1): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.3141/2142-04.
Putman, B. J., and S. N. Amirkhanian. 2004. “Utilization of waste fibers in stone matrix asphalt mixtures.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 42 (3): 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.005.
Qasim, Z. I., and Z. I. Qasim. 2017. “Effect of filler content on properties of asphaltic mixtures for Marshall and Superpave gyratory compactor.” Al-Nahrain J. Eng. Sci. 201 (1): 183–193.
Shen, J., S. Amirkhanian, F. Xiao, and B. Tang. 2009. “Influence of surface area and size of crumb rubber on high temperature properties of crumb rubber modified binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (1): 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.005.
Shi, X., S. W. Goh, M. Akin, S. Stevens, and Z. You. 2012. “Exploring the interactions of chloride deicer solutions with nanomodified and micromodified asphalt mixtures using artificial neural networks.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 24 (7): 805–815. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000452.
Shiman, L., A. Shiman, N. Spitsyna, and A. Lobach. 2011. “Effects of nanocomposites on the high temperature rheological properties of a PG58 asphalt-binder.” In Proc., Road Materials and New Innovations in Pavement Engineering, 229–237. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Tian, T. 2016. “Study of shear thickening/stiffened materials and their applications.” Ph.D. thesis, School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, Univ. of Wollongong.
Tufail, M., N. Ahmad, S. M. Mirza, N. M. Mirza, and H. A. Khan. 1992. “Natural radioactivity from the building materials used in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.” Sci. Total Environ. 121 (Jun): 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90321-I.
Xiao, F., A. N. Amirkhanian, and S. N. Amirkhanian. 2011. “Influence of carbon nanoparticles on the rheological characteristics of short-term aged asphalt binders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23 (4): 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000184.
Xiao, F., S. N. Amirkhanian, J. Shen, and B. Putman. 2009. “Influences of crumb rubber size and type on reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (2): 1028–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.05.002.
Yao, H., Z. You, L. Li, X. Shi, S. W. Goh, J. Mills-Beale, and D. Wingard. 2012. “Performance of asphalt binder blended with non-modified and polymer-modified nanoclay.” Constr. Build. Mater. 35 (Oct): 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.056.
Yildirim, Y. 2007. “Polymer modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (1): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.07.007.
You, Z., J. Mills-Beale, J. M. Foley, S. Roy, G. M. Odegard, Q. Dai, and S. W. Goh. 2011. “Nanoclay-modified asphalt materials: Preparation and characterization.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (2): 1072–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.070.
Yu, J., L. Wang, X. Zeng, S. Wu, and B. Li. 2007a. “Effect of montmorillonite on properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer modified bitumen.” Polym. Eng. Sci. 47 (9): 1289–1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20802.
Yu, J., X. Zeng, S. Wu, L. Wang, and G. Liu. 2007b. “Preparation and properties of montmorillonite modified asphalts.” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 447 (1–2): 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.037.
Yu, J. Y., P. C. Feng, H. L. Zhang, and S. P. Wu. 2009. “Effect of organo-montmorillonite on aging properties of asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (7): 2636–2640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.01.007.
Zaidi, S. B. A., G. D. Airey, J. Grenfell, R. M. Alfaqawi, I. Ahmed, N. Ahmad, and M. Haynes. 2019. “Moisture susceptibility of hydrated lime modified mastics using adhesion test methods and surface free energy techniques.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 22 (7): 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1648811.
Zhang, H., Y. Wang, Y. Wu, L. Zhang, and J. Yang. 2005. “Study on flammability of montmorillonite/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 97 (3): 844–849. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21797.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 7 • July 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 1, 2022
Accepted: Nov 17, 2022
Published online: Apr 25, 2023
Published in print: Jul 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Sep 25, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.