Effects of Steam-Injection Strategies on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Marine Engines
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 3
Abstract
In this study, the influence of direct steam injection (DSI) on the performance and emissions of marine engines is investigated. Simulation models are developed and tested based on experimental data. Steam is obtained by waste heat recovery in a marine engine. The limitations of DSI parameters are investigated based on the exhaust gas temperature. The steam quantity and temperature decrease with a decrease in load. The results show that steam mass plays an important role in reduction and improving power. For a steam/fuel ratio of 1.27 at 100% load, the brake power improved by 3.09% and emissions decreased by 4.67%. A higher degree of improvement is obtained with an increase in steam mass. The steam temperature and injection timing only slightly influenced the brake power and emissions. When steam-injection timing improved to 12°CA at 100% load with injection duration decreasing from 85°CA to 25°CA, brake power improved from 3,485.7 to 3,529.7 kW. All of this demonstrates that the DSI approach has excellent energy-saving and emission reduction potential for marine engines. The steam-injection strategy should be optimized in the future.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University (No. K2021-14), Hebei Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation (B2021003026), and Hebei Provincial University of Science and Technology Research Project (BJ2021018).
Author contributions: Xiuxiu Sun, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft; Peixin Zhao, conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft; Xingyu Liang, project administration; Guoxi Jing, investigation, formal analysis; and Guang Chen, investigation, formal analysis.
References
Ammar, N. R., and I. S. Seddiek. 2017. “Eco-environmental analysis of ship emission control methods: Case study ro-ro cargo vessel.” Ocean Eng. 137 (1): 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.03.052.
Cesur, I. 2016. “Investigation of the effects of steam injection on the emissions and performance of a diesel engine using waste chicken oil methyl ester.” J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 30 (10): 4773–4779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0949-0.
Dedes, E. K., D. A. Hudson, and S. R. Turnock. 2012. “Assessing the potential of hybrid energy technology to reduce exhaust emissions from global shipping.” Energy Policy 40 (Jan): 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.046.
Fu, J. Q., J. P. Liu, Y. P. Yang, C. Q. Ren, and G. H. Zhu. 2013. “A new approach for exhaust energy recovery of internal combustion engine: Steam turbocharging.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 52 (1): 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.11.035.
Gonca, G. 2014. “Investigation of the effects of steam injection on performance and NO emissions of a diesel engine running with ethanol–diesel blend.” Energy Convers. Manage. 77 (Jan): 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.09.031.
Gonca, G. 2015. “Investigation of the influences of steam injection on the equilibrium combustion products and thermodynamic properties of bio fuels (biodiesels and alcohols).” Fuel 144 (Mar): 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.12.032.
Hadia, F., S. Wadhah, H. Ammar, and O. Ahmed. 2017. “Investigation of combined effects of compression ratio and steam injection on performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of HCCI engine.” Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 10 (Sep): 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2017.07.005.
Kökkülünk, G., G. Gonca, V. Ayhan, I. Cesur, and A. Parlak. 2013. “Theoretical and experimental investigation of diesel engine with steam injection system on performance and emission parameters.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 54 (1): 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.01.034.
Li, L. F., and Z. B. Zhang. 2019. “Investigation on steam direct injection in a natural gas engine for fuel savings.” Energy 183 (Sep): 958–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.182.
Liu, Q., J. Fu, Z. Liu, and J. Liu. 2021. “An approach for waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine: In-cylinder steam-air expansion.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 197 (Oct): 117394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117394.
Liu, Q., M. K. Xie, J. Q. Fu, J. P. Liu, and B. L. Deng. 2020. “Cylinder steam injection (CSI) for internal combustion (IC) engine waste heat recovery (WHR) and its application on natural gas (NG) engine.” Energy 214 (Jan): 118892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118892.
Mohapatra, D., R. K. Swain, S. P. Jena, S. K. Acharya, and P. P. Patnaik. 2018. “Effect of steam injection and as fuel additive on performance of thermal barrier coated diesel engine.” Sustainable Environ. Res. 28 (5): 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2018.03.004.
Morel, T., and S. Wahiduzzaman. 1996. “Modeling of diesel combustion and emissions.” In FISITA Congress. Prague, Czech Republic: FISITA.
Park, J., I. Choi, J. Oh, and C. Lee. 2020. “Nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from marine diesel oil (MDO), emulsified MDO, and dimethyl ether fuels in auxiliary marine engines.” J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 8 (5): 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050322.
Parlak, A., et al. 2008. “New method to reduce nox emissions of diesel engines: Electronically controlled steam injection system.” J. Energy Inst. 85 (3): 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743967112Z.00000000024.
Patnaik, P. P., S. K. Acharya, D. Padhi, and U. K. Mohanty. 2016. “Experimental investigation on ci engine performance using steam injection and ferric chloride as catalyst.” Eng. Sci. Technol. 19 (4): 2073–2080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.07.006.
Sun, X. X., Z. Y. Jia, X. Y. Liang, G. X. Jing, H. Liu, G. J. Shen, and S. Xiao. 2021. “Investigation of water/steam direct injection on performance and emissions of two-stroke marine diesel engine.” Int. J. Green Energy 18 (8): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2021.1880918.
Sun, X. X., X. Y. Liang, G. Q. Shu, Y. J. Wang, Y. S. Wang, and H. Z. N. Yu. 2016. “Effect of different combustion models and alternative fuels on two-stroke marine diesel engine performance.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 115 (May): 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.093.
Talluri, L., D. K. Nalianda, and E. Giuliani. 2018. “Techno economic and environmental assessment of Flettner rotors for marine propulsion.” Ocean Eng. 154 (Apr): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.02.020.
Wu, J., Z. Kang, and Z. Wu. 2022. “Thermodynamic analysis of in-cylinder steam assist technology within an internal combustion engine.” Appl. Sci. 12 (13): 6818. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136818.
Zhang, Z. B., and L. F. Li. 2018. “Investigation of in-cylinder steam injection in a turbocharged diesel engine for waste heat recovery and NOx emission control.” Energies 11 (4): 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040936.
Zhang, Z. B., Q. Liu, R. C. Zhao, Y. P. Chen, and Q. C. Qin. 2021. “Research on in-cylinder steam injection in a turbocompound diesel engine for fuel savings.” Energy 238 (1–2): 121799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121799.
Zhang, Z. B., W. J. Wan, W. C. Zhang, Q. Liu, R. C. Zhao, Y. P. Chen, and Q. Qin. 2022. “Research of the impacts of in-cylinder steam injection and ignition timing on the performance and NO emission of a LPG engine.” Energy 244 (Apr): 123193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123193.
Zhao, J. X., and M. Xu. 2013. “Fuel economy optimization of an Atkinson cycle engine using genetic algorithm.” Appl. Energy 105 (May): 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.061.
Zhao, R. C., Z. B. Zhang, W. L. Zhuge, Y. J. Zhang, and Y. Yin. 2018. “Comparative study on different water/steam injection layouts for fuel reduction in a turbocompound diesel engine.” Energy Convers. Manage. 171 (Sep): 1487–1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.084.
Zincir, B. 2020. “A short review of ammonia as an alternative marine fuel for decarbonised maritime transportation.” In Proc., ICEESEN2020. Kayseri, Turkey: Erciyes Univ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 3 • June 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 21, 2022
Accepted: Jan 23, 2023
Published online: Mar 15, 2023
Published in print: Jun 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Aug 15, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Air pollution
- Design (by type)
- Emissions
- Energy engineering
- Energy infrastructure
- Energy recovery
- Energy sources (by type)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engines
- Environmental engineering
- Equipment and machinery
- Infrastructure
- Lifeline systems
- Load factors
- Measurement (by type)
- Models (by type)
- Pollution
- Renewable energy
- Simulation models
- Steam power
- Structural design
- Temperature effects
- Temperature measurement
- Waste management
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.